a Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology , University of Thessaly , Larissa , Greece.
b Department of Physical Education and Sports Science at Serres , Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Serres , Greece.
Redox Rep. 2018 Dec;23(1):47-56. doi: 10.1080/13510002.2017.1392695. Epub 2017 Oct 31.
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD/NADH) along with its phosphorylated form (NADP/NADPH) are two molecules ubiquitously present in all organisms, and they play key roles as cofactors in fundamental catabolic and anabolic processes, respectively. The oxidation of NADPH to NADP initiates a cascade of reactions, where a network of molecules is implicated. The molecules of this cascade form a network with eminent translational potential in redox metabolism. A special point of interest is that spectrophotometric assays have been developed both for NADH/NADPH and the molecules directly regulated by them. Therefore, crucial molecules of the NADPH-dependent redox network can be measured, and the results can be used to assess the bioenergetic and/or oxidative stress status. The main aim of this review is to collectively present the NADPH-related molecules, namely NADPH, NADH, NAD kinase, NADPH oxidase, peroxiredoxin, thioredoxin, thioredoxin reductase, and nitric oxide synthase, that can be measured in blood and tissues with the use of a spectrophotometer, which is probably the most simple, inexpensive and widely used tool in biochemistry. We are providing the researchers with reliable and valid spectrophotometric assays for the measurement of the most important biomarkers of the NADPH network in blood and other tissues, thus allowing the opportunity to follow the redox changes in response to a stimulus.
烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸（NAD/NADH）及其磷酸化形式（NADP/NADPH）是两种普遍存在于所有生物体中的分子，它们分别作为关键辅助因子参与基本的分解代谢和合成代谢过程。NADPH 氧化为 NADP 会引发一系列反应，其中涉及到一系列分子。这个级联中的分子形成了一个具有重要翻译潜力的氧化还原代谢网络。一个特别值得关注的问题是，已经开发出了用于 NADH/NADPH 以及直接受其调控的分子的分光光度测定法。因此，可以测量 NADPH 依赖性氧化还原网络的关键分子，并且可以使用这些结果来评估生物能量和/或氧化应激状态。本综述的主要目的是综合介绍可使用分光光度计测量的与 NADPH 相关的分子，即 NADPH、NADH、NAD 激酶、NADPH 氧化酶、过氧化物酶、硫氧还蛋白、硫氧还蛋白还原酶和一氧化氮合酶，这些分子可以在血液和组织中进行测量，分光光度计可能是生物化学中最简单、最经济和最广泛使用的工具。我们为研究人员提供了可靠和有效的分光光度测定法，用于测量血液和其他组织中 NADPH 网络的最重要生物标志物，从而有机会跟踪对刺激的氧化还原变化。
