Ozanich Emma, Gerstoft Peter, Worcester Peter F, Dzieciuch Matthew A, Thode Aaron
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0238, USA.
J Acoust Soc Am. 2017 Oct;142(4):1997. doi: 10.1121/1.5006053.
Ambient noise in the eastern Arctic was studied from April to September 2013 using a 22 element vertical hydrophone array as it drifted from near the North Pole (89° 23'N, 62° 35'W) to north of Fram Strait (83° 45'N, 4° 28'W). The hydrophones recorded for 108 min/day on six days per week with a sampling rate of 1953.125 Hz. After removal of data corrupted by non-acoustic transients, 19 days throughout the transit period were analyzed. Noise contributors identified include broadband and tonal ice noises, bowhead whale calling, seismic airgun surveys, and earthquake T phases. The bowhead whale or whales detected are believed to belong to the endangered Spitsbergen population, and were recorded when the array was as far north as 86° 24'N. Median power spectral estimates and empirical probability density functions along the array transit show a change in the ambient noise levels corresponding to seismic survey airgun occurrence and received level at low frequencies and transient ice noises at high frequencies. Median power for the same periods across the array shows that this change is consistent in depth. The median ambient noise for May 2013 was among the lowest of the sparse reported observations in the eastern Arctic but comparable to the more numerous observations of western Arctic noise levels.
2013年4月至9月，利用一个由22个元件组成的垂直水听器阵列，对北极东部的环境噪声进行了研究，该阵列从北极附近（北纬89°23′，西经62°35′）漂移至弗拉姆海峡以北（北纬83°45′，东经4°28′）。水听器每周6天，每天记录108分钟，采样率为1953.125赫兹。在去除由非声学瞬变导致的数据损坏后，对整个运输期间的19天数据进行了分析。识别出的噪声源包括宽带和 tonal 冰噪声、弓头鲸叫声、地震气枪勘测以及地震T波。检测到的一头或多头弓头鲸据信属于濒危的斯瓦尔巴群岛种群，是在阵列位于北纬86°24′以北时记录到的。沿阵列运输路线的中值功率谱估计和经验概率密度函数表明，环境噪声水平发生了变化，这与地震勘测气枪的出现、低频接收水平以及高频瞬变冰噪声相对应。整个阵列同期的中值功率表明，这种变化在深度上是一致的。2013年5月的中值环境噪声在北极东部稀疏的报告观测值中处于最低水平，但与北极西部噪声水平的更多观测值相当。
