Roe Jenny J, Aspinall Peter A, Ward Thompson Catharine
Center for Design and Health, School of Architecture, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States.
OPENspace Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
Front Psychol. 2017 Oct 18;8:1760. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01760. eCollection 2017.
This study follows previous research showing how green space quantity and contact with nature (via access to gardens/allotments) helps mitigate stress in people living in deprived urban environments (Ward Thompson et al., 2016). However, little is known about these environments aid stress mitigation nor how stress levels vary in a population experiencing higher than average stress. This study used Latent Class Analysis (LCA) to, first, identify latent health clusters in the same population ( = 406) and, second, to relate health cluster membership to variables of interest, including four hypothetical stress coping scenarios. Results showed a three-cluster model best fit the data, with membership to health clusters differentiated by age, perceived stress, general health, and subjective well-being. The clusters were labeled by the primary health outcome (i.e., perceived stress) and age group (1) characterized by ages 16-24; (2) characterized by ages 65+ and (3) characterized by ages 25-44. Next, LCA identified that health membership was significantly related to four hypothetical stress coping scenarios set in people's current residential context: "" and three scenarios set outwith the home, "" or "" Stress coping in is characterized by "" and ""; stress coping in and is characterized by "" Finally, LCA identified significant relationships between health cluster membership and a range of demographic, other individual and environmental variables including access to, use of and perceptions of local green space. Our study found that the opportunities in the immediate neighborhood for stress reduction vary by age. Stress coping in youth is likely supported by being social and keeping physically active outdoors, including local green space visits. By contrast, local green space appears not to support stress regulation in young-middle aged and older adults, who choose to stay at home. We conclude that it is important to understand the complexities of stress management and the opportunities offered by local green space for stress mitigation by age and other demographic variables, such as gender.
本研究遵循了先前的研究，该研究表明绿色空间数量以及与自然的接触（通过进入花园/小菜园）有助于缓解生活在贫困城市环境中的人们的压力（沃德·汤普森等人，2016年）。然而，对于这些环境如何帮助缓解压力，以及在压力高于平均水平的人群中压力水平如何变化，我们知之甚少。本研究使用潜在类别分析（LCA），首先在同一人群（n = 406）中识别潜在健康集群，其次将健康集群成员资格与感兴趣的变量相关联，包括四种假设的压力应对情景。结果表明，三集群模型最适合数据，健康集群成员资格因年龄、感知压力、总体健康和主观幸福感而有所不同。这些集群根据主要健康结果（即感知压力）和年龄组进行标记：（1）以16 - 24岁为特征；（2）以65岁及以上为特征；（3）以25 - 44岁为特征。接下来，潜在类别分析确定健康成员资格与人们当前居住环境中设定的四种假设压力应对情景显著相关：“”以及家庭以外设定的三种情景，“”或“”。在“”中的压力应对以“”和“”为特征；在“”和“”中的压力应对以“”为特征。最后，潜在类别分析确定健康集群成员资格与一系列人口统计学、其他个人和环境变量之间存在显著关系，包括对当地绿色空间的获取、使用和认知。我们的研究发现，直接邻里环境中减轻压力的机会因年龄而异。年轻人的压力应对可能通过社交和在户外保持身体活跃得到支持，包括参观当地绿色空间。相比之下，当地绿色空间似乎无法支持中青年和老年人的压力调节，他们选择待在家里。我们得出结论，了解压力管理的复杂性以及当地绿色空间按年龄和其他人口统计学变量（如性别）提供的缓解压力机会非常重要。
