Department of Cancer Biology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
Departments of Urology and Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
Calcif Tissue Int. 2018 Feb;102(2):152-162. doi: 10.1007/s00223-017-0350-8. Epub 2017 Nov 1.
Bone is the most common site of prostate cancer metastasis. Once prostate cancer cells metastasize to bone, the mortality rate of prostate cancer patients increases significantly. Furthermore, bone metastases produce multiple skeletal complications, including bone pain that impairs the patients' quality of life. Effective therapies for bone metastatic disease are underdeveloped with most current therapies being primarily palliative with modest survival benefit. Although the exact mechanisms through which prostate cancer metastasizes to bone are unclear, growing evidence suggests that the bone marrow microenvironment, particularly its hematopoietic activity, is a significant mediator of prostate cancer bone tropism. Moreover, the bone microenvironment may regulate metastatic prostate cancer cells between dormant and proliferative states. In this review, we discuss (1) how prostate cancer cells interact with the bone microenvironment to establish bone metastases and (2) current and future potential treatments for prostate cancer patients with bone metastases.
骨骼是前列腺癌转移最常见的部位。一旦前列腺癌细胞转移到骨骼，前列腺癌患者的死亡率会显著增加。此外，骨转移会产生多种骨骼并发症，包括骨痛，这会降低患者的生活质量。针对骨转移疾病的有效疗法尚未得到充分发展，大多数现有疗法主要是姑息性的，生存获益有限。尽管前列腺癌转移到骨骼的确切机制尚不清楚，但越来越多的证据表明，骨髓微环境，特别是其造血活性，是前列腺癌骨趋向性的重要介质。此外，骨微环境可能调节休眠和增殖状态之间的转移性前列腺癌细胞。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了（1）前列腺癌细胞如何与骨微环境相互作用以建立骨转移，以及（2）目前和未来针对骨转移前列腺癌患者的潜在治疗方法。
