Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, U.K.
The Silwood Group, Imperial College London, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, U.K.
Conserv Biol. 2018 Jun;32(3):584-596. doi: 10.1111/cobi.13045. Epub 2018 Mar 13.
Failure carries undeniable stigma and is difficult to confront for individuals, teams, and organizations. Disciplines such as commercial and military aviation, medicine, and business have long histories of grappling with it, beginning with the recognition that failure is inevitable in every human endeavor. Although conservation may arguably be more complex, conservation professionals can draw on the research and experience of these other disciplines to institutionalize activities and attitudes that foster learning from failure, whether they are minor setbacks or major disasters. Understanding the role of individual cognitive biases, team psychological safety, and organizational willingness to support critical self-examination all contribute to creating a cultural shift in conservation to one that is open to the learning opportunity that failure provides. This new approach to managing failure is a necessary next step in the evolution of conservation effectiveness.
失败不可避免，会给个人、团队和组织带来难以承受的耻辱，因此人们很难直面失败。商业、军事航空、医学和商业等领域很早就认识到人类活动必然会失败，自此开始努力应对失败。尽管保护生物学可能更为复杂，但保护专业人员可以借鉴其他学科的研究和经验，将有助于从失败中学习的活动和态度制度化，无论这些失败是小挫折还是大灾难。了解个体认知偏见、团队心理安全感以及组织支持批判性自我检查的意愿等因素，有助于在保护生物学领域形成一种新的文化转变，即从对失败持排斥态度转变为欢迎失败提供的学习机会。这种管理失败的新方法是保护生物学有效性发展的必要步骤。
