Archipelago Consulting, Portland, ME 04112, U.S.A.
Environmental Studies Department, University of New England, Biddeford, ME 04005, U.S.A.
Conserv Biol. 2018 Aug;32(4):926-937. doi: 10.1111/cobi.13077. Epub 2018 Mar 25.
Conservation practice has demonstrated an increasing desire for accountability of actions, particularly with respect to effectiveness, efficiency, and impact to clearly identified objectives. This has been accompanied by increased attention to achieving adaptive management. In 2002, practitioners representing several prominent conservation nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) launched a community of practice called the Conservation Measures Partnership (CMP). The partnership CMP has worked to establish standards of conservation practice to improve accountability of conservation actions through adaptive management. The focal organizing framework for CMP has been the Open Standards for the Practice of Conservation (OS). We evaluated, through an online survey and personal interviews, the first decade of CMP and the OS. The CMP has garnered a positive reputation among agencies, NGOs, and funders and has succeeded in developing a large user base of the OS. However, CMP has not fully achieved its goal of making the OS standard operating procedure for the largest NGOs (e.g., The Nature Conservancy, World Wildlife Fund), despite it being widely used within these organizations. This lack of institutionalization is attributable to multiple causes, including an increase in the number of partially overlapping decision-support frameworks and challenges achieving full-cycle adaptive management. Users strongly believed the OS fosters better conservation practice and highly valued the OS for improving their practice. A primary objective of the OS is to assist practitioners to achieve full-cycle adaptive management to better integrate learning into improving the effectiveness and efficiency of actions. However, most practitioners had not yet achieved cycle completion for their projects. To improve the effectiveness of CMP, OS, and conservation practice in general, we recommend collaborative efforts among the proponents of multiple decision-support frameworks to foster strong institutional adoption of a common set of adaptive-management standards for conservation accountability.
保护实践越来越希望对行动负责，特别是在有效性、效率和对明确目标的影响方面。这伴随着对实现适应性管理的日益关注。2002 年，代表几个著名保护非政府组织（NGO）的从业者发起了一个名为保护措施伙伴关系（CMP）的实践社区。合作伙伴 CMP 致力于建立保护实践的标准，通过适应性管理提高保护行动的问责制。CMP 的重点组织框架是保护实践的开放标准（OS）。我们通过在线调查和个人访谈评估了 CMP 和 OS 的第一个十年。CMP 在机构、非政府组织和资助者中获得了积极的声誉，并成功地为 OS 开发了大量用户群。然而，尽管 OS 在这些组织中得到了广泛的应用，但 CMP 并没有完全实现其成为最大的 NGO（如大自然保护协会、世界野生动物基金会）的标准操作程序的目标。这种制度化的缺乏归因于多种原因，包括部分重叠的决策支持框架数量的增加，以及实现全周期适应性管理的挑战。用户强烈认为 OS 促进了更好的保护实践，并高度重视 OS 提高他们的实践。OS 的一个主要目标是帮助从业者实现全周期适应性管理，以便更好地将学习纳入提高行动的有效性和效率。然而，大多数从业者尚未完成其项目的周期完成。为了提高 CMP、OS 和一般保护实践的效果，我们建议多个决策支持框架的支持者之间进行合作，以促进对一套共同的适应性管理标准的强有力的机构采用，以实现保护问责制。
