Revill Kate Pirog, Namy Laura L, Nygaard Lynne C
Department of Psychology, Emory University.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 2018 May;44(5):680-698. doi: 10.1037/xlm0000476. Epub 2017 Nov 2.
Although the relationship between sound and meaning in language is assumed to be largely arbitrary, reliable correspondences between sound and meaning in natural language appear to facilitate word learning. Using a set of independently normed pseudoword and shape stimuli, we examined the real-time effects of sound-to-shape correspondences at initial presentation and throughout an extended learning process resulting in high accuracy. In addition to accuracy and response time (RT) measures, we monitored participants' eye movements to investigate the extent to which visual orienting to objects is influenced by the sound symbolic characteristics of novel labels at initial exposure and throughout learning. Over the course of word learning, congruency of sound and shape properties affected both accuracy and RT with higher accuracy and faster responses for congruent than incongruent items. Eye tracking data reveal that congruent targets were fixated faster than incongruent targets throughout learning and that nontargets consistent with the sound symbolic properties of the word remained attractive distracters, even after overt behavioral differences in accuracy disappeared. This demonstrates the sustained influence of sound symbolism and the importance of sensitive, continuous measures of assessing sound symbolic effects in word learning and lexical processing. Arbitrariness resulted in better final individuation performance only when the arbitrary items were more phonologically distinct than the sound symbolic stimuli. These findings suggest that the advantages of sound symbolism may persist beyond early word learning and serve to significantly influence online lexical processing. (PsycINFO Database Record
尽管语言中声音和意义之间的关系在很大程度上被认为是任意的，但自然语言中声音和意义之间可靠的对应关系似乎有助于单词学习。我们使用一组独立规范的假词和形状刺激，研究了在初始呈现时以及在整个扩展学习过程中声音与形状对应关系的实时影响，最终获得了较高的准确率。除了准确率和反应时间（RT）测量外，我们还监测了参与者的眼动，以研究在初始接触和整个学习过程中，对物体的视觉定向在多大程度上受到新标签的声音象征特征的影响。在单词学习过程中，声音和形状属性的一致性影响了准确率和反应时间，一致性项目的准确率更高，反应更快。眼动追踪数据显示，在整个学习过程中，一致性目标比不一致目标被更快地注视，并且与单词的声音象征属性一致的非目标仍然是有吸引力的干扰物，即使在准确率上的明显行为差异消失之后。这证明了声音象征的持续影响以及在单词学习和词汇加工中评估声音象征效果的敏感、连续测量的重要性。只有当任意项目在语音上比声音象征刺激更独特时，任意性才会导致更好的最终个体化表现。这些发现表明，声音象征的优势可能会在早期单词学习之后持续存在，并对在线词汇加工产生重大影响。（PsycINFO数据库记录）
