Ochoa-Díaz López Héctor, García-Parra Esmeralda, Flores-Guillén Elena, García-Miranda Rosario, Solís-Hernández Roberto
El Colegio de la Frontera Sur.
Nutr Hosp. 2017 Jul 28;34(4):820-826. doi: 10.20960/nh.700.
Nutritional status is determined through various methods, including anthropometry. In children under 5 years of age indeces as weight/age (w/a), height/age (h/a), weight/height (w/h) and body mass index (BMI) are used. The purpose of this article is to analyze and compare the ability of different anthropometric indeces to identify children from marginalized communities in Chiapas (Mexico) with nutritional problems.
To analyze the correlation among the different anthropometric indeces to determine the nutritional status of children under 5 years of age in poor rural areas with a background of short stature.
Cross-sectional study in 1,160 children under 5 years of age in 13 high poverty communities in three regions of Chiapas. The variables studied were age, sex, weight and height. Nutritional status was determined through the indeces w/a, h/a, w/h and BMI. Field staff in charge of taking measurements of weight and height were trained and standardized. Kappa coefficients for agreement between the indeces were calculated.
No correlation between BMI and w/a and h/a was found. The prevalence of malnutrition according to h/a was 64.8%. Only high concordance (0.726) between BMI and w/h was found. BMI showed a low prevalence of malnutrition and a higher prevalence of overweight and obesity rates.
For a reliable and accurate diagnosis in individuals with a background of chronic malnutrition, it is recommended to use the four indeces together. Doing so it will reduce the risk of underestimating or overestimating nutritional status and will focus actions toward addressing and improving the health and nutrition of children living under extreme poverty conditions.
营养状况可通过多种方法来确定，包括人体测量学。对于5岁以下儿童，使用体重/年龄（w/a）、身高/年龄（h/a）、体重/身高（w/h）和体重指数（BMI）等指标。本文旨在分析和比较不同人体测量指标识别恰帕斯州（墨西哥）边缘化社区中存在营养问题儿童的能力。
分析不同人体测量指标之间的相关性，以确定在身材矮小背景下贫困农村地区5岁以下儿童的营养状况。
对恰帕斯州三个地区13个高贫困社区的1160名5岁以下儿童进行横断面研究。研究变量包括年龄、性别、体重和身高。通过w/a、h/a、w/h和BMI指标确定营养状况。负责测量体重和身高的现场工作人员接受了培训并实现了标准化。计算各指标之间一致性的kappa系数。
未发现BMI与w/a和h/a之间存在相关性。根据h/a得出的营养不良患病率为64.8%。仅发现BMI与w/h之间具有高度一致性（0.726）。BMI显示营养不良患病率较低，超重和肥胖率较高。
对于有慢性营养不良背景的个体，为了进行可靠准确的诊断，建议同时使用这四个指标。这样做将降低低估或高估营养状况的风险，并将行动重点放在解决和改善生活在极端贫困条件下儿童的健康和营养问题上。
