Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Nutr J. 2012 Jan 11;11:3. doi: 10.1186/1475-2891-11-3.
The aim of this study was to characterize the nutritional status of Xavante Indian children less than 10 years of age in Central Brazil and to evaluate the hypothesis of an association between child nutrition and socioeconomic differentiation in this population.
A cross-sectional study was conducted in July 2006 that included all children under the age of 10 from the Xavante village Pimentel Barbosa in Mato Grosso, Brazil. The data collected included weight, height, and sociodemographic information. Sociodemographic data were used to generate two indices ("income" and "wealth") and to determine the proportion of adults in each household. Descriptive analyses were performed for weight-for-age (W/A), height-for-age (H/A), and weight-for-height (W/H) using the NCHS and the WHO growth references. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted using H/A and W/A as a response variables.
Of a total of 246 children under the age of ten residing in the village, 232 (94.3%) were evaluated. Following the NCHS reference, 5.6% of children under the age of ten presented low W/A and 14.7% presented low H/A. Among children under the age of five, deficit percentages for weight and height were 4.5% and 29.9%, respectively, following the WHO curves. Among children < 2 years of age, H/A index variability was found to be directly related to child's age and inversely related to the proportion of adults in the household. Maternal BMI was positively associated with growth for children from 2 to 4 years of age, explaining 11.5% of the z-score variability for the H/A index. For children 5 years of age and older, the wealth index and maternal height were positively associated with H/A. No significant associations were found using W/A as the dependent variable.
This study demonstrated that undernutrition, in particular linear growth deficit, is a notable health issue for Xavante children. These findings contrast with the nutritional profile observed among Brazilian children nationally, which is characterized by a sharp decline in child undernutrition in recent decades, even in the poorest regions of the country. This discrepancy calls attention to the persistent health disparities that exist between indigenous and non-indigenous people in Brazil.
本研究旨在描述巴西中部 Xavante 印第安儿童的营养状况，并评估儿童营养与该人群社会经济分化之间的关联假设。
本研究于 2006 年 7 月进行了一项横断面研究，包括巴西马托格罗索州 Pimentel Barbosa 村所有 10 岁以下的儿童。收集的数据包括体重、身高和社会人口学信息。社会人口学数据用于生成两个指数（“收入”和“财富”），并确定每个家庭中成年人的比例。使用 NCHS 和世卫组织生长参考标准对体重与年龄比（W/A）、身高与年龄比（H/A）和体重与身高比（W/H）进行描述性分析。使用 H/A 和 W/A 作为响应变量进行单变量和多变量分析。
共有 246 名 10 岁以下的儿童居住在该村，其中 232 名（94.3%）接受了评估。根据 NCHS 参考标准，10 岁以下的儿童中 5.6%体重偏低，14.7%身高偏低。根据世卫组织曲线，5 岁以下儿童体重和身高的缺陷百分比分别为 4.5%和 29.9%。在 2 岁以下儿童中，H/A 指数的变异性与儿童年龄呈正相关，与家庭中成年人的比例呈负相关。母亲的 BMI 与 2 至 4 岁儿童的生长呈正相关，解释了 H/A 指数 z 分数变异性的 11.5%。对于 5 岁及以上的儿童，财富指数和母亲身高与 H/A 呈正相关。使用 W/A 作为因变量时，未发现显著关联。
本研究表明，特别是线性生长不足，是 Xavante 儿童的一个显著健康问题。这些发现与巴西全国儿童的营养状况形成鲜明对比，近年来，巴西全国儿童的营养不良状况急剧下降，即使在该国最贫困的地区也是如此。这一差异引起了人们对巴西土著居民和非土著居民之间持续存在的健康差距的关注。
