Figgatt Mary, Hyde James, Dziewulski David, Wiegert Eric, Kishbaugh Scott, Zelin Grant, Wilson Lloyd
MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2017 Nov 3;66(43):1182-1184. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6643a5.
Cyanobacteria, also known as blue-green algae, are photosynthetic, aquatic organisms found in fresh, brackish, and marine water around the world (1). Rapid proliferation and accumulation of potentially toxin-producing cyanobacteria characterize one type of harmful algal bloom (HAB). HABs have the potential to cause illness in humans and animals (2,3); however, the epidemiology of these illnesses has not been well characterized. Statewide in 2015, a total of 139 HABs were identified in New York, 97 (70%) of which were confirmed through laboratory analysis; 77 independent beach closures were ordered at 37 beaches on 20 different bodies of water. To better characterize HAB-associated illnesses, during June-September 2015, the New York State Department of Health (NYSDOH) implemented a pilot surveillance system in 16 New York counties. Activities included the collection of data from environmental HAB reports, illness reports, poison control centers, and syndromic surveillance, and increased outreach to the public, health care providers, and veterinarians. During June-September, 51 HAB-associated illnesses were reported, including 35 that met the CDC case definitions*; 32 of the cases occurred in humans and three in dogs. In previous years, New York never had more than 10 HAB-associated illnesses reported statewide. The pilot surveillance results from 16 counties during a 4-month period suggest that HAB-associated illnesses might be more common than previously reported.
蓝藻细菌，也被称为蓝绿藻，是一种光合水生生物，在世界各地的淡水、咸淡水和海水中均有发现（1）。潜在产毒蓝藻细菌的快速增殖和聚集是有害藻华（HAB）的一种特征。有害藻华有可能导致人类和动物患病（2,3）；然而，这些疾病的流行病学特征尚未得到充分描述。2015年在纽约州，共识别出139起有害藻华事件，其中97起（70%）通过实验室分析得到确认；在20个不同水体的37个海滩上，共发布了77次独立的海滩关闭令。为了更好地描述与有害藻华相关的疾病，2015年6月至9月期间，纽约州卫生部（NYSDOH）在纽约州的16个县实施了一项试点监测系统。活动包括从环境有害藻华报告、疾病报告、中毒控制中心和症状监测中收集数据，并加强对公众、医疗服务提供者和兽医的宣传。在6月至9月期间，共报告了51起与有害藻华相关的疾病，其中35起符合美国疾病控制与预防中心的病例定义*；32例发生在人类身上，3例发生在狗身上。在过去几年中，纽约州全州报告的与有害藻华相关的疾病从未超过10例。16个县在4个月期间的试点监测结果表明，与有害藻华相关的疾病可能比以前报告的更为常见。
