Bioquímica, Universidad de La Frontera, P.O. Box 54-D, Temuco, Chile.
Núcleo de Investigación en Energías Renovables, Dirección de Investigación, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile.
Sci Total Environ. 2018 Mar;616-617:960-969. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.223. Epub 2017 Oct 31.
Biochar (BC) is gaining attention as a soil amendment that can remediate metal polluted soils. The simultaneous effects of BC on copper (Cu) mobility, microbial activities in soil using metallophytes have scarcely been addressed. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of biochar BCs on Cu immobilization and over soil microbial communities in a Cu-contaminated soil evaluated over a two-year trial. A Cu-contaminated soil (338mgkg) was incubated with chicken manure biochar (CMB) or oat hull biochar (OHB) at rates of 1 and 5% w/w. Metallophyte Oenothera picensis was grown over one season (six months). The above process was repeated for 3 more consecutive seasons using the same soils. The BCs increased the soil pH and decreased the Cu exchangeable fraction Cu by 5 and 10 times (for OHB and CMB, respectively) by increasing the Cu bound in organic matter and residual fractions, and its effects were consistent across all seasons evaluated. BCs provided favorable habitat for microorganisms that was evident in increased microbial activity. The DHA activity was increased in all BC treatments, reaching a maximum of 7 and 6 times higher than control soils in CMB and OHB. Similar results were observed in microbial respiration, which increased 53% in OHB and 61% in CMB with respect to control. The BCs produced changes in microbial communities in all seasons evaluated. The fungal and bacterial richness were increased by CMB and OHB treatments; however, no clear effects were observed in the microbial diversity estimators. The physiochemical and microbiological effects produced by BC result in an increase of plant biomass production, which was on average 3 times higher than control treatments. However, despite being a metallophyte, O. picensis did not uptake Cu efficiently. Root and shoot Cu concentrations decreased or changed insignificantly in most BC treatments.
生物炭（BC）作为一种可以修复金属污染土壤的土壤改良剂，正受到越来越多的关注。然而，利用金属植物研究生物炭对铜（Cu）迁移性和土壤微生物活性的综合影响还很少有报道。本研究的目的是评估生物炭（CMB 和 OHB）对 Cu 污染土壤中 Cu 固定和土壤微生物群落的影响，该研究在为期两年的试验中进行。将鸡粪生物炭（CMB）或燕麦壳生物炭（OHB）以 1%和 5%（w/w）的比例添加到 Cu 污染土壤（338mgkg）中进行培养。在一个季节（六个月）内种植金属植物 Oenothera picensis。使用相同的土壤，在接下来的 3 个连续季节中重复上述过程。BC 增加了土壤 pH 值，并使 Cu 可交换部分减少了 5 到 10 倍（对于 OHB 和 CMB 分别），这是由于 Cu 与有机质和残渣部分结合，其效果在所有评估的季节中都是一致的。BC 为微生物提供了有利的栖息地，这表现在微生物活性的增加。在所有 BC 处理中，DHA 活性均增加，在 CMB 和 OHB 中，与对照土壤相比，最高增加了 7 倍和 6 倍。在微生物呼吸方面也观察到了类似的结果，与对照相比，OHB 和 CMB 分别增加了 53%和 61%。在所有评估的季节中，BC 都改变了微生物群落。CMB 和 OHB 处理增加了真菌和细菌的丰富度；然而，在微生物多样性估计中没有观察到明显的影响。BC 产生的理化和微生物效应导致植物生物量的增加，平均比对照处理高出 3 倍。然而，尽管 O. picensis 是一种金属植物，但它对 Cu 的吸收效率并不高。在大多数 BC 处理中，根和茎中的 Cu 浓度降低或变化不明显。
