He Xingjia, Xie Hua, Gao Danmei, Khashi U Rahman M, Zhou Xingang, Wu Fengzhi
Department of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
Key Laboratory of Cold Area Vegetable Biology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
Front Microbiol. 2021 Aug 27;12:695447. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.695447. eCollection 2021.
The application of biochar stimulates the activities of microorganisms that affect soil quality and plant growth. However, studies on the impacts of biochar mainly focus on a monoculture, its effects on interspecific interactions are rarely reported. Here, we investigated the impacts of biochar on tomato/potato-onion intercropped (TO) in a pot experiment. Tomato monoculture (T) and TO were treated with no, 0.3, 0.6, and 1.2% biochar concentrations in a pot experiment. Microbial communities from tomato rhizosphere soil were analyzed by quantitative PCR and Illumina MiSeq. The results showed that compared with the tomato monoculture, 0.6%TO and 1.2%TO significantly increased tomato yield in 2018. TO and 1.2%TO significantly increased plant height and dry weight in 2018 and 2019. Biochar treatments increased soil pH, decreased NO -N and bulk density, and increased the absorption of N, P, and K by tomato. Bacterial and fungal abundances increased with an increase in biochar concentration, while spp. and spp. abundances showed an "increase-decrease-increase" trend. Biochar had a little effect on bacterial diversities but significantly lowered fungal diversities. TO, 0.6%TO, and 1.2%TO increased the potentially beneficial organisms (e.g., and ) and lowered the potentially pathogenic organisms (e.g., and ). Different concentrations of biochar affected the bacterial and fungal community structures. Redundancy analysis indicated that the bacterial community was strongly correlated with soil pH, NO -N, and EC, while the fungal community was closely related to soil NO -N and moisture. The network analysis showed that biochar and intercropping affected the symbiosis pattern of the microorganisms and increased the proportion of positive interactions and nitrifying microorganisms (Nitrospirae) in the microbial community. Overall, our results indicated that monoculture and intercropping with biochar improved soil physicochemical states and plant nutrient absorption, and regulated soil microbial communities, these were the main factors to promote tomato growth and increase tomato productivity.
生物炭的施用刺激了影响土壤质量和植物生长的微生物活性。然而，关于生物炭影响的研究主要集中在单一栽培上，其对种间相互作用的影响鲜有报道。在此，我们通过盆栽试验研究了生物炭对番茄/马铃薯-洋葱间作（TO）的影响。在盆栽试验中，番茄单作（T）和TO分别用0%、0.3%、0.6%和1.2%的生物炭浓度进行处理。通过定量PCR和Illumina MiSeq分析番茄根际土壤中的微生物群落。结果表明，与番茄单作相比，0.6%TO和1.2%TO在2018年显著提高了番茄产量。TO和1.2%TO在2018年和2019年显著增加了株高和干重。生物炭处理提高了土壤pH值，降低了硝态氮和容重，并增加了番茄对氮、磷和钾的吸收。细菌和真菌丰度随生物炭浓度的增加而增加，而某菌属和某菌属丰度呈“增加-减少-增加”趋势。生物炭对细菌多样性影响较小，但显著降低了真菌多样性。TO、0.6%TO和1.2%TO增加了潜在有益生物（如某菌和某菌），并降低了潜在致病生物（如某菌和某菌）。不同浓度的生物炭影响细菌和真菌群落结构。冗余分析表明，细菌群落与土壤pH值、硝态氮和电导率密切相关，而真菌群落与土壤硝态氮和湿度密切相关。网络分析表明，生物炭和间作影响了微生物的共生模式，增加了微生物群落中正向相互作用和硝化微生物（硝化螺菌属）的比例。总体而言，我们的结果表明，单作和生物炭间作改善了土壤理化状态和植物养分吸收，并调节了土壤微生物群落，这些是促进番茄生长和提高番茄生产力的主要因素。
