Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, 1094, Tűzoltó street 37-47, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Neurology, Semmelweis University, 1083, Balassa J. street. 6, Budapest, Hungary.
Institute of Clinical Experimental Research, Semmelweis University, 1094, Tűzoltó street 37-47, Budapest, Hungary.
Nitric Oxide. 2018 Dec 1;81:75-87. doi: 10.1016/j.niox.2017.10.010. Epub 2017 Oct 31.
Our knowledge about hydrogen sulfide (HS) significantly changed over the last two decades. Today it is considered as not only a toxic gas but also as a gasotransmitter with diverse roles in different physiological and pathophysiological processes. HS has pleiotropic effects and its possible mechanisms of action involve (1) a reversible protein sulfhydration which can alter the function of the modified proteins similar to nitrosylation or phosphorylation; (2) direct antioxidant effects and (3) interaction with metalloproteins. Its effects on the human cardiovascular system are especially important due to the high prevalence of hypertension and myocardial infarction. The exact molecular targets that affect the vascular tone include the K channel, the endothelial nitric oxide synthase, the phosphodiesterase of the vascular smooth muscle cell and the cytochrome c oxidase among others and the combination of all these effects lead to the final result on the vascular tone. The relative role of each effect depends immensely on the used concentration and also on the used donor molecules but several other factors and experimental conditions could alter the final effect. The aim of the current review is to give a comprehensive summary of the current understanding on the mechanism of action and role of HS in the regulation of vascular tone and to outline the obstacles that hinder the better understanding of its effects.
在过去的二十年中，我们对硫化氢（HS）的认识发生了重大变化。如今，它不仅被认为是一种有毒气体，而且还被认为是一种具有多种生理和病理生理过程中作用的气体递质。HS 具有多种作用，其可能的作用机制包括：（1）可逆的蛋白质硫醇化，可改变修饰蛋白的功能，类似于亚硝基化或磷酸化；（2）直接的抗氧化作用；（3）与金属蛋白的相互作用。由于高血压和心肌梗死的高发病率，其对人体心血管系统的影响尤为重要。影响血管张力的确切分子靶标包括 K 通道、内皮型一氧化氮合酶、血管平滑肌细胞的磷酸二酯酶和细胞色素 c 氧化酶等，所有这些作用的结合导致血管张力的最终结果。每种作用的相对作用在很大程度上取决于所用的浓度，也取决于所用的供体分子，但其他几个因素和实验条件可能会改变最终的效果。本综述的目的是全面总结 HS 在调节血管张力中的作用及其作用机制的最新认识，并概述阻碍更好地理解其作用的障碍。
