Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Institute for Sport and Exercise Medicine, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; International Olympic Committee (IOC) Research Centre, South Africa.
Sports Science Department, Faculty of Education, Stellenbosch University, South Africa.
J Sci Med Sport. 2018 Jun;21(6):631-634. doi: 10.1016/j.jsams.2017.10.016. Epub 2017 Oct 23.
The tackle event in rugby union ('rugby') contributes to the majority of players' injuries. Referees can reduce this risk by sanctioning dangerous tackles. A study in elite adult rugby suggests that referees only sanction a minority of illegal tackles. The aim of this study was to assess if this finding was similar in youth community rugby.
Observational study.
Using EncodePro, 99 South African Rugby Union U18 Youth Week tournament matches were coded between 2011 and 2015. All tackles were coded by a researcher and an international referee to ensure that laws were interpreted correctly. The inter- and intra-rater reliabilities were 0.97-1.00. A regression analysis compared the non-sanctioned rates over time.
In total, 12 216 tackles were coded, of which less than 1% (n=113) were 'illegal'. The majority of the 113 illegal tackles were front-on (75%), high tackles (72%) and occurred in the 2nd/4th quarters (29% each). Of the illegal tackles, only 59% were sanctioned. The proportions of illegal tackles and sanctioning of these illegal tackles to all tackles improved by 0.2% per year from 2011-2015 (p<0.05).
In these youth community rugby players, 59% of illegal tackles were not sanctioned appropriately. This was better than a previous study in elite adult rugby, where only 7% of illegal tackles were penalised. Moreover, the rates of illegal tackles and non-sanctioned illegal tackles both improved over time. However, it is critical that referees consistently enforce all laws to enhance injury prevention efforts. Further studies should investigate the reasons for non-sanctioning.
橄榄球运动中的擒抱动作导致了大多数球员受伤。裁判可以通过处罚危险擒抱来降低这种风险。一项针对精英成年橄榄球的研究表明，裁判只对少数非法擒抱进行处罚。本研究的目的是评估这一发现是否在青年社区橄榄球中也相似。
观察性研究。
在 2011 年至 2015 年期间，使用 EncodePro 对 99 场南非橄榄球联盟 U18 青年周锦标赛进行了编码。所有擒抱动作都由一名研究人员和一名国际裁判进行编码，以确保正确解释规则。裁判之间和裁判内部的可靠性为 0.97-1.00。回归分析比较了随时间推移的非处罚率。
总共对 12216 次擒抱进行了编码，其中不到 1%（n=113）是“非法”的。在 113 次非法擒抱中，大多数是正面（75%）、高擒抱（72%），发生在第 2/4 节（各占 29%）。在这些非法擒抱中，只有 59%被处罚。从 2011 年到 2015 年，非法擒抱和对这些非法擒抱的处罚比例每年增加 0.2%（p<0.05）。
在这些青年社区橄榄球运动员中，59%的非法擒抱没有得到适当的处罚。这比之前在精英成年橄榄球中的一项研究要好，在这项研究中，只有 7%的非法擒抱被处罚。此外，非法擒抱和未处罚的非法擒抱的比率都随时间有所提高。然而，裁判必须始终如一地执行所有规则，以加强伤害预防工作。进一步的研究应该调查不处罚的原因。
