Kraak Wilbur, Bam Jenna, Kruger Stephanie, Henderson Stephanie, Josias Ugan, Stokes Keith
Department of Sports Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom.
Front Psychol. 2019 Apr 5;10:803. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00803. eCollection 2019.
Rugby is a high contact sport that results in many injuries. The majority of injuries at senior elite levels result from contact phases during match-play. It is estimated that 10% of all match injuries are associated with the ruck in professional and community rugby. Surveillance of legal and illegal ruck cleanouts and the sanctions imposed by the on-field referees will help identify whether referees are actually enforcing the law according to the laws of the game, which will consequently contribute to the creation and implementation of further injury prevention strategies. Players should play the game in accordance with the laws of the game and be mindful of their own safety and that of others. Coaches and trainers of the game have the responsibility to ensure that players are prepared in a manner that comply with the World Rugby (WR) laws of the game and safe practices. Laws and law amendments are fundamental to the development of sport and introduced for a variety of reasons. The aim of this study was to investigate the rate of sanctioning of illegal and dangerous ruck cleanouts during the 2018 Super Rugby competition by using Nacsport Basic+ video software; 120 round robin matches from the 2018 Super Rugby competition were coded and analyzed. The analysis of the intra reliability showed an almost perfect (>0.95) agreement between all the performance indicators. In total, 22,281 ruck cleanouts were coded of which 9% ( = 2111) were illegal ruck cleanouts and 93% were not sanctioned by the referees; 57% (1087 out of 1953) of the illegal ruck cleanouts not sanctioned by the referees were deemed dangerous. The majority of dangerous illegal ruck cleanouts not sanctioned by the referees were "" (88%, = 280), "" (86%, = 100), and "contact above the shoulder" (81%, = 201). To aid injury prevention efforts in rugby, future research studies should investigate why on-field referees are not sanctioning all illegal and dangerous ruck cleanouts according to WR .
橄榄球是一项高对抗性运动，会导致许多伤病。在高级精英水平的比赛中，大多数伤病是在比赛进行中的对抗阶段造成的。据估计，在职业和社区橄榄球比赛中，所有比赛伤病中有10%与ruck（争球）有关。对合法和非法的争球清理动作以及场上裁判施加的制裁进行监测，将有助于确定裁判是否真的按照比赛规则执法，这进而将有助于制定和实施进一步的伤病预防策略。球员应按照比赛规则进行比赛，并注意自己和他人的安全。这项运动的教练和训练员有责任确保球员以符合世界橄榄球（WR）比赛规则和安全规范的方式做好准备。规则和规则修订对于体育发展至关重要，其出台有多种原因。本研究的目的是使用Nacsport Basic+视频软件调查2018年超级橄榄球比赛期间非法和危险争球清理动作的制裁率；对2018年超级橄榄球比赛的120场循环赛进行了编码和分析。内部信度分析显示，所有绩效指标之间的一致性几乎完美（>0.95）。总共对22281次争球清理动作进行了编码，其中9%（=2111次）是非法争球清理动作，93%未被裁判制裁；未被裁判制裁的非法争球清理动作中有57%（1953次中的1087次）被视为危险动作。未被裁判制裁的危险非法争球清理动作大多是“”（88%，=280次）、“”（86%，=100次）和“肩部以上接触”（81%，=201次）。为了协助橄榄球运动的伤病预防工作，未来的研究应调查为什么场上裁判没有按照WR规则制裁所有非法和危险的争球清理动作。
