Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Instituto de Biologia (IB), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil.
Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Ecol Lett. 2018 Jan;21(1):72-82. doi: 10.1111/ele.12873. Epub 2017 Nov 2.
Global change affects ecosystem functioning both directly by modifications in physicochemical processes, and indirectly, via changes in biotic metabolism and interactions. Unclear, however, is how multiple anthropogenic drivers affect different components of community structure and the performance of multiple ecosystem functions (ecosystem multifunctionality). We manipulated small natural freshwater ecosystems to investigate how warming and top predator loss affect seven ecosystem functions representing two major dimensions of ecosystem functioning, productivity and metabolism. We investigated their direct and indirect effects on community diversity and standing stock of multitrophic macro and microorganisms. Warming directly increased multifunctional ecosystem productivity and metabolism. In contrast, top predator loss indirectly affected multifunctional ecosystem productivity via changes in the diversity of detritivorous macroinvertebrates, but did not affect ecosystem metabolism. In addition to demonstrating how multiple anthropogenic drivers have different impacts, via different pathways, on ecosystem multifunctionality components, our work should further spur advances in predicting responses of ecosystems to multiple simultaneous environmental changes.
全球变化通过改变物理化学过程直接影响生态系统功能，通过改变生物代谢和相互作用间接影响生态系统功能。然而，不清楚多种人为驱动因素如何影响群落结构的不同组成部分以及多种生态系统功能（生态系统多功能性）的表现。我们操纵小型自然淡水生态系统，以研究变暖和顶级捕食者损失如何影响代表生态系统功能两个主要维度（生产力和代谢）的七种生态系统功能。我们研究了它们对群落多样性和多营养级宏观和微生物生物量的直接和间接影响。变暖直接增加了多功能生态系统的生产力和代谢。相比之下，顶级捕食者的损失通过碎屑食性大型无脊椎动物多样性的变化间接影响多功能生态系统的生产力，但不影响生态系统的代谢。除了证明多种人为驱动因素如何通过不同途径对生态系统多功能性成分产生不同的影响外，我们的工作还应该进一步推动预测生态系统对多种同时发生的环境变化的响应。
