Clutton-Brock T H
Large Animal Research Group, Department of Zoology, Cambridge, UK.
Nature. 1989 Jan 5;337(6202):70-2. doi: 10.1038/337070a0.
In most social mammals, males leave their natal group to breed in other groups whereas females commonly remain in the same group throughout their lives. In a few species however, females usually transfer between groups during adolescence. The functional significance of sex differences in dispersal and their connection, if any, to the avoidance of inbreeding is disputed. Here I show that in polygynous mammals where females commonly remain to breed in their natal group, their average age at first conception typically exceeds the average period of residence of adult males in breeding groups. In contrast, where females usually transfer to breed in other groups, the average residence of breeding males or of resident male kin groups typically exceeds the average age of females at first conception. These results support the suggestion that female mammals commonly transfer to avoid inbreeding with their father or other close relatives, although female dispersal may also occur for other reasons.
在大多数群居性哺乳动物中，雄性离开出生群体到其他群体中繁殖，而雌性通常一生都留在同一个群体中。然而，在少数物种中，雌性通常在青春期期间在不同群体间迁移。扩散中性别差异的功能意义以及它们与避免近亲繁殖的联系（如果有的话）存在争议。在此我表明，在一夫多妻制哺乳动物中，雌性通常留在出生群体中繁殖，它们首次受孕的平均年龄通常超过成年雄性在繁殖群体中的平均停留时间。相反，在雌性通常迁移到其他群体中繁殖的情况下，繁殖雄性或常住雄性亲属群体的平均停留时间通常超过雌性首次受孕的平均年龄。这些结果支持了这样的观点，即雌性哺乳动物通常迁移以避免与父亲或其他近亲近亲繁殖，尽管雌性扩散也可能因其他原因而发生。
