越南女性电子废物回收工人体内金属、多溴联苯醚、多氯联苯和持久性农药的生物监测。
Biomonitoring of Metals, Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers, Polychlorinated Biphenyls, and Persistent Pesticides in Vietnamese Female Electronic Waste Recyclers.
机构信息
University of Louisville School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, and School of Public Health and Information Sciences, Louisville, Kentucky (Dr Schecter, Mr Crandall); Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California (Dr Kincaid); Centre for Ecologically Sustainable Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam (Dr Quynh); University of Louisville School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky (Dr Lanceta); Hanoi School of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam (Dr Tran); University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, Texas (Mr Shropshire); and National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (Dr Birnbaum).
出版信息
J Occup Environ Med. 2018 Feb;60(2):191-197. doi: 10.1097/JOM.0000000000001200.
OBJECTIVE
Electronic waste is increasing. It is frequently recycled in developing countries. This is the first study to report metals, polybrominated diphenyl-ethers (PBDEs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), 2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane (p,p'-DDT), and p,p'-DDE concentrations in female e-waste workers.
METHODS
Female Vietnamese recyclers and non-recyclers were studied. Metals and halogenated organics were measured in blood and urine, and compared with levels in women in the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).
RESULTS
Recyclers had higher serum PBDE than nonrecyclers. PCB-138/158 and PCB-153 were higher in 18 to less than 38-year-old nonrecyclers. Median urinary arsenic in both cohorts was six to seven-fold higher than NHANES. Median lead in blood and urine was 40% to 60% higher in recyclers than nonrecyclers. Lead in nonrecyclers was four to six-fold higher than NHANES. Both cohorts had higher arsenic and mercury than NHANES.
CONCLUSION
Occupational exposure to PBDEs and lead occurred in recyclers. Environmental exposure to arsenic, lead, and mercury occurred in both cohorts. Occupational and environmental remediation are recommended.
目的
电子垃圾不断增加，在发展中国家经常被回收利用。这是第一项报告女性电子垃圾工人血液和尿液中金属、多溴二苯醚 (PBDEs)、多氯联苯 (PCBs)、2,2-双(4-氯苯基)-1,1,1-三氯乙烷 (p,p'-DDT) 和 p,p'-DDE 浓度的研究。
方法
研究了越南女性回收者和非回收者。在血液和尿液中测量了金属和卤代有机物，并与美国国家健康和营养检查调查 (NHANES) 中的女性水平进行了比较。
结果
回收者的血清 PBDE 高于非回收者。18 岁以下至 38 岁以下的非回收者中，PCB-138/158 和 PCB-153 含量较高。两个队列的尿液中砷的中位数均比 NHANES 高六至七倍。血液和尿液中的铅在回收者中的中位数比非回收者高 40%至 60%。非回收者的铅比 NHANES 高四至六倍。两个队列的砷和汞含量均高于 NHANES。
结论
回收者存在职业性接触 PBDEs 和铅，两个队列均存在环境性接触砷、铅和汞。建议进行职业和环境修复。
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