Brown K H, Black R E, Lopez de Romaña G, Creed de Kanashiro H
Instituto de Investagacion Nutricional, Lima, Peru.
Pediatrics. 1989 Jan;83(1):31-40.
Longitudinal studies of the feeding practices and morbidity from infectious diseases of 153 Peruvian newborns from an underprivileged, periurban community were completed during their first year of life. Feeding practices were assessed by monthly questionnaires, and illnesses were identified by thrice-weekly, community-based surveillance. All infants were initially breast-fed, but only 12% were exclusively breast-fed at 1 month of age. At 12 months of age, 86% of children still received some breast milk. Incidence and prevalence rates of diarrhea in infants younger than 6 months of age were less among those who were exclusively breast-fed compared with those who received other liquids or artificial milks in addition to breast milk. The diarrheal prevalence rates doubled with the addition of these other fluids (15.2% v 7.1% of days ill, P less than .001). Infants for whom breast-feeding was discontinued during the first 6 months had 27.6% diarrheal prevalence. During the second 6 months of life, discontinuation of breast-feeding was also associated with an increased risk of diarrheal incidence and prevalence. Upper and lower respiratory tract infections occurred with lesser prevalence among exclusively breast-fed younger infants. The prevalences of skin infections by category of feeding practice were not as consistent, but exclusively breast-fed infants tended to have fewer skin infections during the initial months of life and older infants who continued to breast-feed had fewer infections than those who did not. None of the results could be explained by differences in the socioeconomic status of the infants' families.
对来自秘鲁一个贫困城郊社区的153名新生儿在其生命的第一年进行了喂养方式及传染病发病率的纵向研究。通过每月问卷调查评估喂养方式，通过每周三次的社区监测确定疾病情况。所有婴儿最初均进行母乳喂养，但在1个月大时只有12%是纯母乳喂养。在12个月大时，86%的儿童仍在接受一些母乳。与除母乳外还接受其他液体或人工奶的婴儿相比，6个月以下纯母乳喂养婴儿的腹泻发病率和患病率较低。添加这些其他液体后，腹泻患病率翻倍（患病天数分别为15.2%和7.1%，P小于0.001）。在出生后的前6个月停止母乳喂养的婴儿腹泻患病率为27.6%。在生命的第二个6个月期间，停止母乳喂养也与腹泻发病率和患病率增加的风险相关。纯母乳喂养的小婴儿上呼吸道和下呼吸道感染的患病率较低。按喂养方式分类的皮肤感染患病率不太一致，但纯母乳喂养的婴儿在生命最初几个月往往皮肤感染较少，继续母乳喂养的大龄婴儿比不母乳喂养的婴儿感染更少。这些结果均不能用婴儿家庭社会经济地位的差异来解释。
