Bermeja Ana Isabel, Ausín Berta
Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, España.
Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, España.
Rev Esp Geriatr Gerontol. 2018 May-Jun;53(3):155-164. doi: 10.1016/j.regg.2017.05.006. Epub 2017 Nov 1.
Loneliness is a problem that affects a very high percentage of older people, and can lead to physical and/or mental illness. This article aims to present a systematic review of programs to combat loneliness directed towards the institutionalised elderly. Experimental and quasi-experimental articles published between 2000 and 2016 were included in the review. An analysis was carried out on the quality of the methodological evidence of each of the articles. The programs analysed included animal-assisted, contacts with families through videoconferencing, gardening and/or horticulture workshops, reminiscence therapies, humour therapies, and cognitive interventions. The results show that intervention programs are effective to reduce the feeling of loneliness. The methodological limitations of the studies are discussed and future research is recommended.
孤独是一个影响很大比例老年人的问题，并且可能导致身体和/或精神疾病。本文旨在对针对机构养老老年人的抗孤独项目进行系统综述。纳入综述的是2000年至2016年间发表的实验性和准实验性文章。对每篇文章的方法学证据质量进行了分析。所分析的项目包括动物辅助、通过视频会议与家人联系、园艺和/或园艺工作坊、怀旧疗法、幽默疗法以及认知干预。结果表明，干预项目对于减轻孤独感是有效的。讨论了研究的方法学局限性并推荐了未来的研究方向。
