McKay Orthopaedic Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Stemmler Hall 36th Street and Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2017 Nov 4;19(12):76. doi: 10.1007/s11926-017-0704-2.
Hypercholesterolemia (HC), or high cholesterol, is usually caused by diet, other health conditions, or inherited diseases, such as familial hypercholesterolemia (FHC). Studies have shown patients with hypercholesterolemia are more prone to tendon injury and impaired healing. Nonetheless, the mechanism by which high cholesterol alters the biochemical and biomechanical properties of tendon and the healing environment is not well defined. This review highlights scientific findings on the relationship between hypercholesterolemia and treatments and tendon pathology at the cellular and tissue level.
The release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and upregulation of matrix-degrading proteins in hypercholesterolemic conditions leads to an increase in tendon stiffness and elastic modulus. The effect of hypercholesterolemia drugs, such as statins, on tendon pathology remains unclear. More insight into the relationship between HC and tendon pathology can lead to improved imaging modalities and therapeutics for tendinopathy in hypercholesterolemic patients.
高胆固醇血症（HC），即通常所说的“高血脂”，通常由饮食、其他健康状况或遗传性疾病引起，如家族性高胆固醇血症（FHC）。研究表明，高胆固醇血症患者更容易发生肌腱损伤和愈合不良。然而，高胆固醇血症如何改变肌腱的生化和生物力学特性以及愈合环境的机制尚不清楚。本综述重点介绍了高胆固醇血症与细胞和组织水平的肌腱病理学以及治疗之间关系的科学发现。
在高胆固醇血症的情况下，促炎细胞因子的释放和基质降解蛋白的上调导致肌腱硬度和弹性模量增加。目前尚不清楚他汀类等降胆固醇药物对肌腱病理学的影响。进一步了解 HC 与肌腱病理学之间的关系，可以为高胆固醇血症患者的腱病提供更好的影像学和治疗方法。
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