Jiménez S, Micó M M, Arnaldos M, Medina F, Contreras S
R&D Department of Acciona Agua S.A.U, Parc de Negocis Mas Blau II, Avda. de les Garrigues, 22, 08820 El Prat de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Departament D'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
R&D Department of Acciona Agua S.A.U, Parc de Negocis Mas Blau II, Avda. de les Garrigues, 22, 08820 El Prat de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
Chemosphere. 2018 Feb;192:186-208. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.10.139. Epub 2017 Oct 27.
Produced water (PW) is the wastewater generated when water from underground reservoirs is brought to the surface during oil or gas extraction. PW is generated in large amounts and has a complex composition, containing various toxic organic and inorganic compounds. PW is currently treated in conventional trains that include phase separators, decanters, cyclones and coarse filters in order to comply with existing regulation for discharge. These treatment trains do not achieve more restrictive limitations related to the reuse of the effluent (reinjection into extraction wells) or other beneficial uses (e.g., irrigation). Therefore, and to prevent environmental pollution, further polishing processes need to be carried out. Characterization of the PW to determine major constituents is the first step to select the optimum treatment for PW, coupled with environmental factors, economic considerations, and local regulatory framework. This review tries to provide an overview of different treatments that are being applied to polish this type of effluents. These technologies include membranes, physical, biological, thermal or chemical treatments, where special emphasis has been made on advanced oxidation processes due to the advantages offered by these processes. Commercial treatments, based on the combination, modification and improvement of simpler treatments, were also discussed.
采出水（PW）是在石油或天然气开采过程中，将地下储层中的水提升至地表时产生的废水。采出水产量巨大，成分复杂，含有各种有毒有机和无机化合物。目前，采出水通过包括相分离器、倾析器、旋风分离器和粗滤器在内的常规处理流程进行处理，以符合现有的排放规定。这些处理流程无法达到与废水回用（回注到开采井中）或其他有益用途（如灌溉）相关的更严格限制。因此，为防止环境污染，需要进行进一步的精细处理。对采出水进行表征以确定主要成分，是结合环境因素、经济考量和当地监管框架选择最佳采出水处理方法的第一步。本综述旨在概述目前用于处理这类废水的不同处理方法。这些技术包括膜处理、物理、生物、热或化学处理，其中由于高级氧化工艺具有诸多优势，因此对其给予了特别关注。此外，还讨论了基于简单处理方法的组合、改进和优化的商业化处理方法。
