Hossain Md Numan, Howladar M Farhad, Siddique Md Abu Bakar
Department of petroleum and mining engineering, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh.
Institute of National Analytical Research and Service (INARS), Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhanmondi, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh.
Heliyon. 2024 Jul 15;10(15):e34323. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34323. eCollection 2024 Aug 15.
Gas fields generate a significant volume of produced water, disposed in the vicinity of gas fields in Bangladesh after processing. It may have a variety of effects on ecology and the environment. This study was conducted to assess the contamination scenario and quality of produced and discharged water from gas fields in northeastern Bangladesh. The physicochemical analyses for this study were performed using standard procedures. Based on the outcomes of the analyzed samples, the current research employs a variety of indexing and statistical approaches to investigate the overall status of the studied water. The physiochemical analysis revealed high electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solid (TDS), salinity, and Na contents in both produced and discharged water. No severe cases have been identified, certain metals, such as Fe, Ni, and Cd, have been detected at levels high enough to impact specific index values in some cases. The results of the weighted contamination index (WCI) indicated mild to considerable pollution in the gas field region. The average score of potential ecological risk (PER) reflects minimal ecological risk. The heavy metal toxicity load (HTML) reveals negligible metal pollution in the studied water. The agricultural risk indices displayed increased sodium concentrations and EC, resulting in salinity and sodium risks. The magnesium absorption ratio is within the allowable range. In addition, the average heavy metal pollution index (HMPI) value demonstrates that the produced and discharged water is unsuitable for drinking. The entropy-based water quality index (EWQI) is below the threshold limit (<100) for all samples, indicating satisfactory water quality. This study is an early effort to evaluate the quality of wastewater produced and discharged from gas fields in Bangladesh. The findings of this research will provide valuable insights for future researchers and regulators in effectively managing and mitigating pollution from wastewater.
气田产生大量采出水，在孟加拉国经过处理后排放到气田附近。它可能对生态和环境产生多种影响。本研究旨在评估孟加拉国东北部气田采出和排放水的污染情况及水质。本研究的理化分析采用标准程序进行。基于分析样本的结果，当前研究采用多种指数和统计方法来调查所研究水体的总体状况。理化分析表明，采出和排放水中的电导率（EC）、总溶解固体（TDS）、盐度和钠含量都很高。未发现严重情况，但在某些情况下检测到某些金属，如铁、镍和镉，其含量高到足以影响特定指数值。加权污染指数（WCI）结果表明气田区域存在轻度到中度污染。潜在生态风险（PER）的平均得分反映出最小的生态风险。重金属毒性负荷（HTML）表明所研究水体中的金属污染可忽略不计。农业风险指数显示钠浓度和电导率增加，导致盐度和钠风险。镁吸收比在允许范围内。此外，平均重金属污染指数（HMPI）值表明采出和排放水不适合饮用。基于熵的水质指数（EWQI）对所有样本均低于阈值（<100），表明水质令人满意。本研究是评估孟加拉国气田采出和排放废水水质的早期努力。本研究结果将为未来研究人员和监管机构有效管理和减轻废水污染提供有价值的见解。
