Mormina Enricomaria, Petracca Maria, Bommarito Giulia, Piaggio Niccolò, Cocozza Sirio, Inglese Matilde
Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States.
Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
World J Radiol. 2017 Oct 28;9(10):371-388. doi: 10.4329/wjr.v9.i10.371.
The cerebellum plays a key role in movement control and in cognition and cerebellar involvement is described in several neurodegenerative diseases. While conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is widely used for brain and cerebellar morphologic evaluation, advanced MRI techniques allow the investigation of cerebellar microstructural and functional characteristics. Volumetry, voxel-based morphometry, diffusion MRI based fiber tractography, resting state and task related functional MRI, perfusion, and proton MR spectroscopy are among the most common techniques applied to the study of cerebellum. In the present review, after providing a brief description of each technique's advantages and limitations, we focus on their application to the study of cerebellar injury in major neurodegenerative diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease and hereditary ataxia. A brief introduction to the pathological substrate of cerebellar involvement is provided for each disease, followed by the review of MRI studies exploring structural and functional cerebellar abnormalities and by a discussion of the clinical relevance of MRI measures of cerebellar damage in terms of both clinical status and cognitive performance.
小脑在运动控制和认知方面发挥着关键作用，并且在几种神经退行性疾病中均有小脑受累的描述。虽然传统磁共振成像（MRI）广泛用于大脑和小脑的形态学评估，但先进的MRI技术能够对小脑的微观结构和功能特征进行研究。容积测量、基于体素的形态测量、基于扩散MRI的纤维束成像、静息态和任务相关功能MRI、灌注以及质子磁共振波谱是应用于小脑研究的最常见技术。在本综述中，在简要描述每种技术的优缺点之后，我们重点关注它们在主要神经退行性疾病（如多发性硬化症、帕金森病和阿尔茨海默病以及遗传性共济失调）小脑损伤研究中的应用。针对每种疾病，简要介绍了小脑受累的病理基础，随后回顾了探索小脑结构和功能异常的MRI研究，并讨论了小脑损伤的MRI测量在临床状态和认知表现方面的临床相关性。
