Kamagata Koji, Andica Christina, Hatano Taku, Ogawa Takashi, Takeshige-Amano Haruka, Ogaki Kotaro, Akashi Toshiaki, Hagiwara Akifumi, Fujita Shohei, Aoki Shigeki
Department of Radiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Neural Regen Res. 2020 Sep;15(9):1590-1600. doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.276326.
The prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases is increasing as human longevity increases. The objective biomarkers that enable the staging and early diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases are eagerly anticipated. It has recently become possible to determine pathological changes in the brain without autopsy with the advancement of diffusion magnetic resonance imaging techniques. Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging is a robust tool used to evaluate brain microstructural complexity and integrity, axonal order, density, and myelination via the micron-scale displacement of water molecules diffusing in tissues. Diffusion tensor imaging, a type of diffusion magnetic resonance imaging technique is widely utilized in clinical and research settings; however, it has several limitations. To overcome these limitations, cutting-edge diffusion magnetic resonance imaging techniques, such as diffusional kurtosis imaging, neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging, and free water imaging, have been recently proposed and applied to evaluate the pathology of neurodegenerative diseases. This review focused on the main applications, findings, and future directions of advanced diffusion magnetic resonance imaging techniques in patients with Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, the first and second most common neurodegenerative diseases, respectively.
随着人类寿命的延长，神经退行性疾病的患病率正在上升。人们迫切期待能够对神经退行性疾病进行分期和早期诊断的客观生物标志物。随着扩散磁共振成像技术的进步，如今已能够在无需尸检的情况下确定大脑中的病理变化。扩散磁共振成像是一种强大的工具，用于通过在组织中扩散的水分子的微米级位移来评估脑微结构的复杂性和完整性、轴突排列、密度和髓鞘形成。扩散张量成像作为扩散磁共振成像技术的一种，在临床和研究中被广泛应用；然而，它存在一些局限性。为了克服这些局限性，最近提出了前沿的扩散磁共振成像技术，如扩散峰度成像、神经突方向离散度和密度成像以及自由水成像，并将其应用于评估神经退行性疾病的病理学。本综述重点关注了先进的扩散磁共振成像技术在分别为最常见的第一和第二神经退行性疾病的阿尔茨海默病和帕金森病患者中的主要应用、研究结果及未来方向。
