Scott Anna A, Misiani Herbert, Okoth Jerrim, Jordan Asha, Gohlke Julia, Ouma Gilbert, Arrighi Julie, Zaitchik Ben F, Jjemba Eddie, Verjee Safia, Waugh Darryn W
Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America.
IGAD Climate Prediction and Applications Centre (ICPAC), Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD), Nairobi, Kenya.
PLoS One. 2017 Nov 6;12(11):e0187300. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187300. eCollection 2017.
Nairobi, Kenya exhibits a wide variety of micro-climates and heterogeneous surfaces. Paved roads and high-rise buildings interspersed with low vegetation typify the central business district, while large neighborhoods of informal settlements or "slums" are characterized by dense, tin housing, little vegetation, and limited access to public utilities and services. To investigate how heat varies within Nairobi, we deployed a high density observation network in 2015/2016 to examine summertime temperature and humidity. We show how temperature, humidity and heat index differ in several informal settlements, including in Kibera, the largest slum neighborhood in Africa, and find that temperature and a thermal comfort index known colloquially as the heat index regularly exceed measurements at the Dagoretti observation station by several degrees Celsius. These temperatures are within the range of temperatures previously associated with mortality increases of several percent in youth and elderly populations in informal settlements. We relate these changes to surface properties such as satellite-derived albedo, vegetation indices, and elevation.
肯尼亚内罗毕呈现出多种多样的小气候和异质表面。中央商务区的典型特征是铺设的道路、高楼大厦与低矮植被相间分布，而大片非正规住区或“贫民窟”则以密集的铁皮房屋、植被稀少以及公共设施和服务获取有限为特点。为了研究内罗毕市内热量如何变化，我们在2015年/2016年部署了一个高密度观测网络，以检测夏季的温度和湿度。我们展示了包括非洲最大的贫民窟社区基贝拉在内的几个非正规住区的温度、湿度和热指数如何不同，并发现温度和通俗称为热指数的热舒适指数经常比达戈雷蒂观测站的测量值高出几摄氏度。这些温度处于先前与非正规住区青年和老年人口死亡率增加几个百分点相关的温度范围内。我们将这些变化与诸如卫星反照率、植被指数和海拔等地表特性联系起来。
