Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, 03-195 Warsaw, Poland; Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-095 Warsaw, Poland.
Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, 03-195 Warsaw, Poland; Radiation Laboratory, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
Talanta. 2018 Jan 15;177:122-141. doi: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.09.002. Epub 2017 Sep 12.
The monitoring of Advanced Oxidation/Reduction Processes (AO/RPs) for the evaluation of the yield and mechanisms of decomposition of perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) is often a more difficult task than their determination in the environmental, biological or food samples with complex matrices. This is mostly due to the formation of hundreds, or even thousands, of both intermediate and final products. The considered AO/RPs, involving free radical reactions, include photolytic and photocatalytic processes, Fenton reactions, sonolysis, ozonation, application of ionizing radiation and several wet oxidation processes. The main attention is paid to the most commonly occurring PFCs in the environment, namely PFOA and PFOS. The most powerful and widely exploited method for this purpose is without a doubt LC/MS/MS, which allows the identification and trace quantitation of all species with detectability and resolution power depending on the particular instrumental configurations. The GC/MS is often employed for the monitoring of volatile fluorocarbons, confirming the formation of radicals in the processes of C‒C and C‒S bonds cleavage. For the direct monitoring of radicals participating in the reactions of PFCs decomposition, the molecular spectrophotometry is employed, especially electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). The UV/Vis spectrophotometry as a detection method is of special importance in the evaluation of kinetics of radical reactions with the use of pulse radiolysis methods. The most commonly employed for the determination of the yield of mineralization of PFCs is ion-chromatography, but there is also potentiometry with ion-selective electrode and the measurements of general parameters such as Total Organic Carbon and Total Organic Fluoride. The presented review is based on about 100 original papers published in both analytical and environmental journals.
高级氧化/还原过程（AO/RPs）的监测对于评估全氟化合物（PFCs）的分解产率和机制通常比在环境、生物或食物等复杂基质样品中测定更为困难。这主要是由于形成了数以百计甚至数千种中间和最终产物。所考虑的 AO/RPs 涉及自由基反应，包括光解和光催化过程、芬顿反应、超声降解、臭氧氧化、电离辐射的应用以及几种湿式氧化过程。主要关注的是环境中最常见的 PFCs，即 PFOA 和 PFOS。为此目的，最强大和广泛应用的方法无疑是 LC/MS/MS，它可以识别和痕量定量所有具有检测能力和分辨率的物质，具体取决于特定的仪器配置。GC/MS 常用于监测挥发性氟碳化合物，以确认在 C-C 和 C-S 键断裂过程中自由基的形成。为了直接监测参与 PFCs 分解反应的自由基，可以采用分子分光光度法，特别是电子顺磁共振（EPR）。紫外/可见分光光度法作为一种检测方法，在使用脉冲辐射法评估自由基反应动力学方面具有特殊重要性。在评估 PFCs 矿化产率时，最常用的方法是离子色谱法，但也有离子选择性电极的电位法和总有机碳和总有机氟化物等一般参数的测量。本综述基于约 100 篇发表在分析和环境期刊上的原始论文。
