National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nishi 2-13 Inada-cho, Obihiro, 080-8555, Japan.
Balai Veteriner Subang (DIC Subang), Jl. Terusan Garuda 33/11 Blok Werasari Dangdeur, Subang, Jawa Barat, 41212, Indonesia.
Parasit Vectors. 2017 Nov 6;10(1):550. doi: 10.1186/s13071-017-2502-0.
Bovine babesiosis, mainly caused by Babesia bovis and B. bigemina, is a huge threat to the livestock industry. In Indonesia, the current distribution of the disease is unknown due to a lack of scientific study.
In the present study, 487 blood samples were collected from cattle with different breeding and age groups in a broad geographical area across the archipelago. The presence of antibodies and current infections of B. bovis and B. bigemina were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunochromatographic test (ICT), and nested PCR (nPCR) targeting B. bovis SBP-4 and B. bigemina RAP-1a genes. Sequence analysis was performed to the amplicon of B. bovis SBP-4, B. bigemina RAP-1a, and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of ribosomal RNA of both Babesia species.
In total, B. bovis positives were detected by ELISA, single-ICT, dual-ICT and nPCR in 340 (69.8%), 317 (65.1%), 307 (63.0%) and 247 (50.7%) samples, respectively. For B. bigemina, the positive samples were detected in 134 (27.5%), 130 (26.7%), 127 (26.1%) and 93 (19.1%), respectively. Furthermore, mixed infections were found in 125 (25.7%), 113 (23.2%), 109 (22.4%) and 52 (10.7%) samples, respectively, which occurred only by chance and were not influenced by additional factors. The obtained nucleotide sequences of B. bovis SBP-4 and B. bigemina RAP-1a genes showed a high homology with other isolates from different countries. Further nucleotide sequence analysis using ITS region showed a great genetic diversity of B. bovis isolates among sampling locations; a lower diversity was found in B. bigemina ITS isolates.
These data revealed the current distribution of B. bovis and B. bigemina infection in cattle in Indonesia. The rate of infection varied among sampling locations, cattle breeds and age groups. Furthermore, B. bovis ITS isolates from Indonesia were found to be more genetically diverse than B. bigemina ITS isolates. The data presented in this study are necessary to develop an effective strategy for controlling the disease in the country.
牛巴贝斯虫病主要由牛巴贝斯虫和双芽巴贝斯虫引起，对畜牧业构成巨大威胁。在印度尼西亚，由于缺乏科学研究，目前尚不清楚该疾病的分布情况。
本研究从印度尼西亚群岛广泛地区不同养殖和年龄组的牛中采集了 487 份血样。使用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）、免疫层析试验（ICT）和针对牛巴贝斯虫 SBP-4 和双芽巴贝斯虫 RAP-1a 基因的巢式 PCR（nPCR）来检测抗体和当前的牛巴贝斯虫和双芽巴贝斯虫感染情况。对牛巴贝斯虫 SBP-4、双芽巴贝斯虫 RAP-1a 和核糖体 RNA 内部转录间隔区（ITS）的扩增子进行了序列分析。
共发现 340（69.8%）、317（65.1%）、307（63.0%）和 247（50.7%）份样品通过 ELISA、单 ICT、双 ICT 和 nPCR 检测出牛巴贝斯虫阳性，134（27.5%）、130（26.7%）、127（26.1%）和 93（19.1%）份样品通过免疫胶体金渗滤试验（ICT）检测出双芽巴贝斯虫阳性。此外，125（25.7%）、113（23.2%）、109（22.4%）和 52（10.7%）份样品分别检测到混合感染。进一步的核苷酸序列分析显示，牛巴贝斯虫 SBP-4 和双芽巴贝斯虫 RAP-1a 基因的获得核苷酸序列与来自不同国家的其他分离株具有高度同源性。使用 ITS 区域进行进一步的核苷酸序列分析显示，在采样地点之间，牛巴贝斯虫分离株的遗传多样性很大；而双芽巴贝斯虫 ITS 分离株的多样性较低。
这些数据揭示了印度尼西亚目前牛巴贝斯虫和双芽巴贝斯虫感染牛的分布情况。在采样地点、牛品种和年龄组之间，感染率存在差异。此外，印度尼西亚的牛巴贝斯虫 ITS 分离株比双芽巴贝斯虫 ITS 分离株具有更高的遗传多样性。本研究提供的数据对于制定该国疾病控制的有效策略是必要的。
