Guo Kai, Yang Da Yong, Wang Yan, Yang Xian Rong, Jing Xin Xia, Guo Yuan Yuan, Zhu Dan, You Qi Sheng, Tao Yong, Jonas Jost B
The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China.
Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2015 Jan 27;56(3):1769-74. doi: 10.1167/iovs.14-15737.
To determine the prevalence and associations of myopia in schoolchildren in provincial Western China.
In the school-based observational cross-sectional Gobi Desert Children Eye Study, cylcoplegic refractometry as part of a comprehensive ophthalmic examination was performed in all schools in the oasis region of Ejina. Out of 1911 eligible children, 1565 (81.9%) children with a mean age of 11.9 ± 3.5 years (range, 6-21 years) participated.
The mean refractive error in the worse eye was -1.38 ± 2.04 diopters (D) (median, -0.88 D; range, -13.00 to +6.50 D). In multivariate analysis, more myopic refractive errors were associated with older age (P < 0.001; regression coefficient B: -0.26; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.28, -0.23), female sex (P = 0.005; B: -0.26; 95%CI: -0.43, -0.08), more myopic paternal refractive errors (P < 0.001; B: 0.20; 95%CI: 0.14, 0.27), more myopic maternal refractive errors (P < 0.001; B: 0.18; 95%CI: 0.12, 0.24), and fewer hours spent outdoors (P = 0.038; B: 0.18; 95%CI: 0.01, 0.35). The prevalence of myopia, defined as refractive errors (spherical equivalent) of ≤-0.50, ≤-1.00, and ≤-6.00 D in the worse eye, was 60.0 ± 1.2%, 48.0 ± 1.3%, and 2.9 ± 0.4%, respectively. The prevalence of high myopia (≤-6.00 D) was 2.9 ± 0.4% in the whole study population, and it was 9.9 ± 3.0% in 17-year-olds. It was not associated with time spent outdoors (P = 0.66).
Even in Western China, prevalence of myopia in schoolchildren is high. As in East China, low and medium myopia was associated with less time spent outdoors. High myopia was not significantly associated with outdoors time. Compared with the myopia prevalence in elderly Chinese populations, the relatively high myopia prevalence in schoolchildren in China predicts a marked increase in vision-threatening high myopia in future elderly populations in China.
确定中国西部省份学童近视的患病率及其相关因素。
在以学校为基础的观察性横断面戈壁沙漠儿童眼病研究中，对额济纳绿洲地区所有学校的学生进行了散瞳验光，这是综合眼科检查的一部分。在1911名符合条件的儿童中，1565名（81.9%）儿童参与了研究，其平均年龄为11.9±3.5岁（范围6 - 21岁）。
较差眼的平均屈光不正为-1.38±2.04屈光度（D）（中位数，-0.88 D；范围，-13.00至+6.50 D）。多因素分析显示，近视性屈光不正与年龄较大（P<0.001；回归系数B：-0.26；95%置信区间[CI]：-0.28，-0.23）、女性（P = 0.005；B：-0.26；95%CI：-0.43，-0.08）、父亲近视性屈光不正程度较高（P<0.001；B：0.20；95%CI：0.14，0.27）、母亲近视性屈光不正程度较高（P<0.001；B：0.18；95%CI：0.12，0.24）以及户外活动时间较少（P = 0.038；B：0.18；95%CI：0.01，0.35）有关。较差眼屈光不正（等效球镜）≤-0.50 D、≤-1.00 D和≤-6.00 D的近视患病率分别为60.0±1.2%、48.0±1.3%和2.9±0.4%。整个研究人群中高度近视（≤-6.00 D）的患病率为2.9±0.4%，17岁儿童中为9.9±3.0%。高度近视与户外活动时间无关（P = 0.66）。
即使在中国西部，学童近视患病率也很高。与中国东部情况相同，轻度和中度近视与户外活动时间较少有关。高度近视与户外活动时间无显著关联。与中国老年人群的近视患病率相比，中国学童相对较高的近视患病率预示着未来中国老年人群中致盲性高度近视将显著增加。
