Yu Lurun, Zhang Cancan, Lu Yi, Gong Qi, Duan Ouwen, Yuan Qing, Zhou Lianhong
Department of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
Int J Gen Med. 2025 Aug 31;18:4957-4964. doi: 10.2147/IJGM.S537179. eCollection 2025.
To investigate the effect of school education on the prevalence of high myopia.
This prospective cross-sectional study, conducted in schools across Hubei Province, included 1,017,622 students from 103 county-level administrative regions between October 2021 and November 2023. Refractive measurements and basic demographic data were collected for all participants. The prevalence of high myopia and the differences in prevalence across grade levels were calculated. Regression discontinuity was used to assess the effects of age and education on high myopia prevalence.
A total of 1,017,622 students participated, with 540,860 (53.15%) boys, and an average age of 11.93 ± 3.06 years. Over three years, the average prevalence of high myopia was 4.75%. Prevalence increased with grade level, with the largest difference observed between grades 9 and 10. Age showed no significant effect on high myopia prevalence. Each additional year of education led to an increase in prevalence by 1.26% (95% CI: -1.87, -0.65, P=0.000) in 2021, 1.20% (95% CI: -1.88, -0.52, P=0.001) in 2022, and 1.26% (95% CI: -2.49, -0.04, P=0.04) in 2023.
Increased grade, rather than age, is the key factor driving the rise in high myopia prevalence. Interventions targeting myopia risk factors during schooling could potentially reduce the growing prevalence of high myopia.
探讨学校教育对高度近视患病率的影响。
这项前瞻性横断面研究在湖北省各地学校开展，纳入了2021年10月至2023年11月期间来自103个县级行政区的1,017,622名学生。收集了所有参与者的屈光测量数据和基本人口统计学数据。计算了高度近视的患病率以及各年级患病率的差异。采用回归间断点分析来评估年龄和教育对高度近视患病率的影响。
共有1,017,622名学生参与，其中男生540,860名（53.15%），平均年龄为11.93±3.06岁。在三年时间里，高度近视的平均患病率为4.75%。患病率随年级升高而增加，9年级和10年级之间的差异最为明显。年龄对高度近视患病率没有显著影响。2021年，每多接受一年教育，患病率增加1.26%（95%置信区间：-1.87，-0.65，P=0.000）；2022年增加1.20%（95%置信区间：-1.88，-0.52，P=0.001）；2023年增加1.26%（95%置信区间：-2.49，-0.04，P=0.04）。
年级增加而非年龄增长是导致高度近视患病率上升的关键因素。针对在校期间近视风险因素的干预措施可能会降低高度近视患病率的不断上升。
