Reed Darcy A, Ganjisaffar Fatemeh, Palumbo John C, Perring Thomas M
Department of Entomology, University of California.
Department of Entomology, University of Arizona.
J Econ Entomol. 2017 Dec 5;110(6):2497-2503. doi: 10.1093/jee/tox289.
Bagrada hilaris (Burmeister) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) is a non-native stink bug that feeds primarily on cole crops and wild mustards. Its invasion into desert agriculture in California and Arizona presents a conundrum between rapid pest development at warm temperatures and severe damage to cool season crops. In this study, the development and survival of B. hilaris were determined at nine constant temperatures (ranging from 20-42°C) when reared on organically grown broccoli florets. Egg hatching was greatly delayed at 20°C, and first instar nymphs did not survive at this temperature. No eggs hatched at 42°C. The highest survival rates (70.0-86.7%) of B. hilaris were observed at temperatures ranging from 24 to 35°C. The total developmental rate of B. hilaris from egg to adult increased from 0.027 to 0.066/d from 24 to 35°C, and then slightly dropped to 0.064/d at 39°C. Based on the linear model, B. hilaris requires 285.4 degree-days to complete its development. The Briere 1 model predicted the lower and upper temperature thresholds as 16.7 and 42.7°C, respectively. The optimal temperature for development (TOpt) was estimated as 36°C. According to the results, B. hilaris is well adapted to warm conditions, and temperatures of 33-39°C are well suited for B. hilaris development. Information from this study helps explain the rapid range expansion of B. hilaris across the southern United States and will be instrumental in predicting future expansion across the rest of the country and in other parts of the world. The relationship between thermal thresholds and invasion dynamics of this pest are discussed.
褐背角盾蝽（Burmeister）（半翅目：蝽科）是一种非本地椿象，主要以十字花科作物和野生芥菜为食。它入侵加利福尼亚州和亚利桑那州的沙漠农业，这在温暖温度下害虫迅速繁殖与冷季作物受到严重损害之间构成了一个难题。在本研究中，当以有机种植的西兰花小花为食时，测定了褐背角盾蝽在9个恒定温度（20 - 42°C）下的发育和存活情况。在20°C时卵孵化大大延迟，一龄若虫在此温度下无法存活。在42°C时没有卵孵化。在24至35°C的温度范围内观察到褐背角盾蝽的最高存活率（70.0 - 86.7%）。褐背角盾蝽从卵到成虫的总发育速率在24至35°C时从0.027增加到0.066/天，然后在39°C时略有下降至0.064/天。基于线性模型，褐背角盾蝽完成发育需要285.4度日。Briere 1模型预测的下限和上限温度阈值分别为16.7°C和42.7°C。发育的最适温度（TOpt）估计为36°C。根据结果，褐背角盾蝽非常适应温暖条件，33 - 39°C的温度非常适合褐背角盾蝽的发育。本研究的信息有助于解释褐背角盾蝽在美国南部迅速扩散的原因，并将有助于预测其未来在美国其他地区和世界其他地区的扩散。讨论了这种害虫的热阈值与入侵动态之间的关系。
