Department of Radiology, University of Utah, 30 North 1900 East #1A071, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA.
Department of Clinical & Translational Science, Creighton University School of Medicine, CRISS II Room 510, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE, 68178, USA.
J Transl Med. 2017 Nov 9;15(1):232. doi: 10.1186/s12967-017-1338-x.
Medical imaging has become a central component of patient care to ensure early and accurate diagnosis. Unfortunately, many imaging modalities use ionizing radiation to generate images. Ionizing radiation even in low doses can cause direct DNA damage and generate reactive oxygen species and free radicals, leading to DNA, protein, and lipid membrane damage. This cell damage can lead to apoptosis, necrosis, teratogenesis, or carcinogenesis. As many as 2% of cancers (and an associated 15,000 deaths annually) can be linked to computed tomography exposure alone. Radioprotective agents have been investigated using various models including cells, animals, and recently humans. The data suggest that radioprotective agents working through a variety of mechanisms have the potential to decrease free radical damage produced by ionizing radiation. Radioprotective agents may be useful as an adjunct to medical imaging to reduced patient morbidity and mortality due to ionizing radiation exposure. Some radioprotective agents can be found in high quantities in antioxidant rich foods, suggesting that a specific diet recommendation could be beneficial in radioprotection.
医学影像学已成为患者治疗的核心组成部分，以确保早期和准确的诊断。不幸的是，许多影像学模式都使用电离辐射来生成图像。即使是低剂量的电离辐射也会导致直接的 DNA 损伤，并产生活性氧和自由基，导致 DNA、蛋白质和脂质膜损伤。这种细胞损伤可导致细胞凋亡、坏死、致畸或致癌。多达 2%的癌症（以及每年与之相关的 15000 例死亡）可单独归因于计算机断层扫描（CT）暴露。已经使用各种模型（包括细胞、动物和最近的人类）研究了放射防护剂。数据表明，通过多种机制发挥作用的放射防护剂有可能减少电离辐射产生的自由基损伤。放射防护剂可作为医学影像学的辅助手段，降低因电离辐射暴露而导致的患者发病率和死亡率。一些放射防护剂在富含抗氧化剂的食物中含量很高，这表明特定的饮食建议可能有助于放射防护。
