Kim Ji Hyun, Kim Jeongseon
Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea.
Clin Nutr Res. 2017 Oct;6(4):229-246. doi: 10.7762/cnr.2017.6.4.229. Epub 2017 Sep 27.
Prostate cancer is the second leading cause for cancer incidence in male. Although this high incidence is due to prostate specific antigen screening, other risk-factors, such as diet, might also be involved. The results of previous studies on the association between prostate cancer risk and individual dietary components have been conflicting. Thus, evaluation by dietary pattern analysis rather than individual dietary factors is suggested. The purpose of this study was to review the association of prostate cancer with a priori dietary indices, which are less studied and reviewed to date compared to a posteriori indices. Studies reviewed in this research were published from January 1997 to March 2017. Seventeen studies with nine indices were selected. In Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS), all four studies were non-significant. In Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII), 3 out of 4 studies significantly increased risk by 1.33-2.39 times, suggesting that a higher pro-inflammatory diet may be a possible prostate cancer risk factor. In Oxidative Balance Score (OBS), 2 out of 5 studies had decreased risk by 0.28 and 0.34 times, whereas 1 study had increased risk by 1.17 times. Among other indices, Healthy Eating Index (HEI) and prostate cancer dietary index were associated with decreased risk, while the results from 2 studies of Low Carbohydrate, High Protein Diet (LCHP) score were conflicting. In conclusion, we observed that it is insufficient to support the association between a priori indices and prostate cancer risk, except for MDS and DII, which had relatively constant results among studies. Therefore, further studies are required to identify consistent criteria for each a priori index, and should be conducted actively in various populations.
前列腺癌是男性癌症发病率的第二大主要原因。尽管这种高发病率归因于前列腺特异性抗原筛查，但其他风险因素，如饮食，也可能与之相关。先前关于前列腺癌风险与个体饮食成分之间关联的研究结果相互矛盾。因此，建议通过饮食模式分析而非个体饮食因素进行评估。本研究的目的是回顾前列腺癌与先验饮食指数之间的关联，与后验指数相比，这些先验指数迄今为止研究和综述较少。本研究中综述的研究发表于1997年1月至2017年3月。选择了17项包含9种指数的研究。在地中海饮食评分（MDS）方面，所有4项研究均无显著结果。在饮食炎症指数（DII）方面，4项研究中的3项显示风险显著增加了1.33至2.39倍，表明较高的促炎饮食可能是前列腺癌的一个潜在风险因素。在氧化平衡评分（OBS）方面，5项研究中的2项显示风险分别降低了0.28倍和0.34倍，而1项研究显示风险增加了1.17倍。在其他指数中，健康饮食指数（HEI）和前列腺癌饮食指数与风险降低相关，而低碳水化合物、高蛋白饮食（LCHP）评分的2项研究结果相互矛盾。总之，我们观察到，除了MDS和DII在各研究中结果相对一致外，目前不足以支持先验指数与前列腺癌风险之间的关联。因此，需要进一步研究以确定每个先验指数的一致标准，并且应该在不同人群中积极开展研究。
