University in Baltimore, 1420 N Charles Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
Behav Res Methods. 2018 Dec;50(6):2215-2225. doi: 10.3758/s13428-017-0988-1.
The theory of cognitive acuity (TCA) treats the response options within items as signals to be detected and uses psychophysical methods to estimate the respondents' sensitivity to these signals. Such a framework offers new methods to construct and score situational judgment tests (SJT). Leeds (2012) defined cognitive acuity as the capacity to discern correctness and distinguish between correctness differences among simultaneously presented situation-specific response options. In this study, SJT response options were paired in order to offer the respondent a two-option choice. The contrast in correctness valence between the two options determined the magnitude of signal emission, with larger signals portending a higher probability of detection. A logarithmic relation was found between correctness valence contrast (signal stimulus) and its detectability (sensation response). Respondent sensitivity to such signals was measured and found to be related to the criterion variables. The linkage between psychophysics and elemental psychometrics may offer new directions for measurement theory.
认知敏锐度理论（TCA）将项目中的反应选项视为要检测的信号，并使用心理物理方法来估计受访者对这些信号的敏感性。这种框架为构建和评分情境判断测试（SJT）提供了新的方法。利兹（2012 年）将认知敏锐度定义为辨别正确性和区分同时呈现的特定情境反应选项之间正确性差异的能力。在这项研究中，SJT 的反应选项被配对，以便为受访者提供二选一的选择。两个选项之间正确性价值的差异决定了信号发射的幅度，信号幅度越大，预示着检测到的概率越高。在正确性价值对比（信号刺激）和可检测性（感觉反应）之间发现了对数关系。对这种信号的受访者敏感性进行了测量，并发现与准则变量有关。心理物理学和基本心理测量学之间的联系可能为测量理论提供新的方向。
