Abduljabbar Tariq, Al-Hamoudi Nawaf, AlQunayan Muath, AlAhmari Abdullah, AlMalki Alwaleed, Gholamiazizi Elham, Vohra Fahim
a Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences , College of Dentistry, King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia.
b Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry , College of Dentistry, King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia.
Inhal Toxicol. 2017 Aug;29(10):457-461. doi: 10.1080/08958378.2017.1394401.
This retrospective convenient sample case-control study investigated the peri-implant soft-tissue inflammatory parameters and crestal bone loss (CBL) among narghile smokers (NS) (Group I) and nonsmoking controls (Group II). Demographic data were collected using a questionnaire. Peri-implant plaque index (PI), bleeding-on-probing (BOP) and pocket-depth (PD) were assessed; and peri-implant CBL was measured on standardized digital bite-wing radiographs. Sample-size was estimated and statistical analysis were done using Mann-Whitney U-test. Level of significance was set at p < .05. Seventy-two male individuals (35 in Group I and 37 in Group II) were included. The mean age of individuals in Groups I and II were 45.3 ± 5.2 and 42.6 ± 3.3 years, correspondingly. In Group 1, the duration and daily frequency of narghile smoking was 17.5 ± 1.6 years and 6.3 ± 0.5 times per day, respectively. The mean duration of each narghile smoking session was 28.5 ± 0.6 min. The mean peri-implant PI (p < .05), PD (p < .05) and mesial (p < .05) and distal (p < .05) CBL were statistically significantly higher among individuals in Group I compared with Group II. BOP was significantly higher in Group II than Group I (p < .05). Narghile smoking increases peri-implant soft-tissue inflammation and CBL.
这项回顾性便利样本病例对照研究调查了水烟吸烟者（第一组）和非吸烟对照组（第二组）的种植体周围软组织炎症参数和牙槽嵴骨吸收（CBL）情况。使用问卷收集人口统计学数据。评估种植体周围菌斑指数（PI）、探诊出血（BOP）和牙周袋深度（PD）；并在标准化数字咬合翼片上测量种植体周围CBL。估计样本量并使用曼-惠特尼U检验进行统计分析。显著性水平设定为p < 0.05。纳入了72名男性个体（第一组35名，第二组37名）。第一组和第二组个体的平均年龄分别为45.3±5.2岁和42.6±3.3岁。在第一组中，水烟吸烟的持续时间和每日频率分别为17.5±1.6年和每天6.3±0.5次。每次水烟吸烟的平均持续时间为28.5±0.6分钟。与第二组相比，第一组个体的种植体周围平均PI（p < 0.05）、PD（p < 0.05）以及近中（p < 0.05）和远中（p < 0.05）CBL在统计学上显著更高。第二组的BOP显著高于第一组（p < 0.05）。水烟吸烟会增加种植体周围软组织炎症和CBL。
