Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Dental Biomaterials Research Chair, Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
J Periodontol. 2018 Jun;89(6):645-652. doi: 10.1002/JPER.17-0554.
Peri-implant soft tissue inflammatory parameters and crestal bone loss (CBL) among waterpipe smokers (WS) with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains uninvestigated. The aim of the present study was to assess peri-implant soft tissue inflammatory parameters and CBL among WS and never smokers (NS) with and without T2DM.
Demographic data and information regarding duration of implants in function, daily frequency of smoking, duration and treatment of T2DM, and daily toothbrushing was collected using a questionnaire. Peri-implant plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD) ≥4 mm, CBL, and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels were assessed in all individuals. Level of significance was set at 5%.
Seventy-nine male individuals (39 patients with T2DM [20 WS and 19 NS] and 40 systemically healthy individuals [21 WS smokers and 19 NS]) were included. The mean age was comparable among individuals in all groups. The mean HbA1c levels were significantly higher among patients with T2DM compared to controls (P < 0.01). Peri-implant PI, BOP, PD, and CBL were comparable among WS and NS with T2DM. Among patients without T2DM, PI (P < 0.05), PD ≥4 mm (P < 0.05) and mesial and distal CBL (P < 0.05) were significantly higher in WS than NS. Among individuals without T2DM, BOP was significantly higher among NS (P < 0.05) than WS. In patients with T2DM, BOP was comparable among WS and NS.
Peri-implant soft tissue inflammatory parameters and CBL were comparable among WS and NS with T2DM. Among individuals without T2DM, these parameters were worse among WS than NS.
目前尚未研究有/无 2 型糖尿病（T2DM）的水烟吸烟者（WS）和从不吸烟者（NS）的种植体周围软组织炎症参数和牙槽骨丧失（CBL）情况。本研究旨在评估有/无 T2DM 的 WS 和 NS 种植体周围软组织炎症参数和 CBL。
采用问卷收集人口统计学数据和有关种植体功能时间、每日吸烟频率、T2DM 持续时间和治疗、每日刷牙等信息。所有个体均评估种植体周围菌斑指数（PI）、探诊出血（BOP）、探诊深度（PD）≥4mm、CBL 和糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）水平。设显著性水平为 5%。
共纳入 79 名男性个体（39 名 T2DM 患者[20 名 WS 和 19 名 NS]和 40 名系统健康个体[21 名 WS 吸烟者和 19 名 NS]）。所有组间个体的平均年龄相当。与对照组相比，T2DM 患者的平均 HbA1c 水平显著更高（P<0.01）。T2DM 患者的 WS 和 NS 之间的种植体周围 PI、BOP、PD 和 CBL 无差异。在无 T2DM 的患者中，WS 的 PI（P<0.05）、PD≥4mm（P<0.05）和近远中 CBL（P<0.05）显著高于 NS。在无 T2DM 的个体中，NS 的 BOP 显著高于 WS（P<0.05）。在 T2DM 患者中，WS 和 NS 的 BOP 无差异。
有/无 T2DM 的 WS 和 NS 的种植体周围软组织炎症参数和 CBL 无差异。在无 T2DM 的个体中，这些参数在 WS 中比 NS 更差。
