Department of Chemistry, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States.
Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab , Berkeley, California 94720, United States.
Chem Rev. 2017 Dec 13;117(23):13909-13934. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00213. Epub 2017 Nov 10.
X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is an electronic absorption technique for which the initial state is a deeply buried core level. The photon energies corresponding to such transitions are governed primarily by the binding energies of the initial state. Because the binding energies of core electrons vary significantly among atomic species, this makes XAS an element-selective spectroscopy. Proper interpretation of XA spectra can provide detailed information on the local chemical and geometric environment of the target atom. The introduction of liquid microjet and flow cell technologies into XAS experiments has enabled the general study of liquid samples. Liquids studied to date include water, alcohols, and solutions with relevance to biology and energy technology. This Review summarizes the experimental techniques employed in XAS studies of liquid samples and computational methods used for interpretation of the resulting spectra and summarizes salient experiments and results obtained in the XAS investigations of liquids.
X 射线吸收光谱学（XAS）是一种电子吸收技术，其初始状态是深埋的芯层。与这种跃迁对应的光子能量主要由初始状态的结合能决定。由于芯电子的结合能在原子种类之间有很大的差异，这使得 XAS 成为一种元素选择性的光谱学。对 XA 光谱的正确解释可以提供关于目标原子局部化学和几何环境的详细信息。将液体微射流和流动池技术引入 XAS 实验中，使对液体样品的一般研究成为可能。迄今为止，研究的液体包括水、醇类以及与生物学和能源技术相关的溶液。本综述总结了用于液体样品 XAS 研究的实验技术以及用于解释所得光谱的计算方法，并总结了在液体 XAS 研究中获得的突出实验和结果。
