1 Materials in Medicine Group, Division of Applied Materials Science, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
2 Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
J Dent Res. 2018 Mar;97(3):283-288. doi: 10.1177/0022034517741295. Epub 2017 Nov 10.
Bleaching of vital teeth has become common practice in cosmetic dentistry today. Tooth sensitivity and demineralization of the enamel are, however, common side effects associated with hydrogen and carbamide peroxide bleaching. This study investigated if calcium phosphate microspheres, which have remineralizing properties, could be used as an additive without hindering the diffusion of the bleaching agent and if the spheres could be used as a carrier for carbamide peroxide. A remineralizing agent could increase the safety of bleaching and decrease the severity of its side effects. Comparisons between current hydrogen peroxide diffusion studies and previously published work are difficult since many studies include challenging-to-replicate conditions or lack reporting of important parameters. Hence, a diffusion model was designed by Wu Lab (School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles) to measure the diffusion flux and determine the diffusivity of hydrogen peroxide. Physical parameters (e.g., diffusivity) could then be used for direct comparison to the results obtained by future studies. Three whitening gels with increasing amounts of spheres were formulated and tested with 2 commercially available whitening gels. The flux of hydrogen peroxide through 1-mm discs of bovine enamel was measured at steady-state conditions, and the diffusivity was calculated. The results showed that the spheres could be used as a carrier for carbamide peroxide and that the amount of spheres did not affect the diffusivity of peroxide through the enamel discs. Hence, the microspheres are considered promising as an additive to minimize side effects in bleaching gel formulation.
如今，活髓牙漂白已成为美容牙科的常见做法。然而，牙齿敏感和牙釉质脱矿是与过氧化氢和脲素过氧化物漂白相关的常见副作用。本研究探讨了具有再矿化特性的磷酸钙微球是否可以用作添加剂而不会阻碍漂白剂的扩散，以及这些球体是否可以用作脲素过氧化物的载体。再矿化剂可以提高漂白的安全性并降低其副作用的严重程度。由于许多研究包含难以复制的条件或缺乏对重要参数的报告，因此难以将当前的过氧化物扩散研究与以前的工作进行比较。因此，Wu 实验室（加州大学洛杉矶分校牙科学院）设计了一个扩散模型来测量过氧化氢的扩散通量并确定其扩散系数。然后可以使用物理参数（例如扩散率）来直接比较未来研究获得的结果。设计并测试了三种含有不同浓度球体的美白凝胶，与两种市售美白凝胶进行比较。在稳态条件下测量了牛牙釉质 1 毫米圆盘的过氧化氢通量，并计算了扩散系数。结果表明，球体可作为脲素过氧化物的载体，且球体的含量并不影响过氧化物通过牙釉质圆盘的扩散系数。因此，这些微球被认为是一种有前途的添加剂，可以在漂白凝胶配方中最小化副作用。
