Plastic Surgeons, Department of Plastic Surgery, Hopital Maison Blanche, CHU Reims, Reims University Hospital, Reims, France.
Visceral and Digestive Surgeon, Anatomy Laboratory, Champagne Ardenne University, Reims University Hospital, Reims, France.
Aesthet Surg J. 2018 May 15;38(6):627-634. doi: 10.1093/asj/sjx184.
Morphometric and anatomical analyses of the shape and position of the umbilicus have been conducted in adults, but umbilicoplasty in children remains challenging because growth is still occurring.
The main objective of this study was to evaluate the difference in the position and shape of the umbilicus between childhood and adulthood. The secondary objective was to improve the surgical management of umbilicoplasty in children.
This prospective single-center study focused on the morphometric analysis of the umbilicus in 200 adults and children. All data, including standardized measures and pictures, were determined by one single operator.
Despite a variation of approximately 2% in the xiphoid-pubis distance, the location of the umbilicus remains stable during the entire growth period. In a supine individual, the location is at one half to two thirds of the xiphoid-pubis distance (slightly lower in children), with a mean ratio of 0.57 for the xiphoid-umbilicus distance to the xiphoid-pubis distance. In the general population, the most common shapes are round and vertical oval. T-shaped umbilici were only observed in adults. Round and protruding shapes were twice as frequent in children under 18 as in adults. The horizontal oval shape was twice as frequent in adults.
Abdominal growth and changes in the repartition of subcutaneous adipose tissues with age are responsible for the vertical orientation and deepening of the umbilicus as well as its horizontal orientation. To promote final cosmetic outcomes, secondary umbilicoplasty must place the umbilicus between one half and two thirds of the xiphoid-pubis distance.
人们已经对成年人脐部的形态和位置进行了形态学和解剖学分析，但由于儿童仍处于生长发育阶段，脐成形术仍然具有挑战性。
本研究的主要目的是评估儿童和成人脐部位置和形状的差异。次要目的是改进儿童脐成形术的手术管理。
这是一项前瞻性单中心研究，重点对 200 名成人和儿童的脐部进行形态学分析。所有数据，包括标准化测量值和图片，均由一名操作人员确定。
尽管剑突-耻骨距离的变化约为 2%，但脐部的位置在整个生长期间保持稳定。仰卧位时，脐部位于剑突-耻骨距离的一半到三分之二（儿童略低），剑突-脐距离与剑突-耻骨距离的平均比值为 0.57。在一般人群中，最常见的形状是圆形和垂直椭圆形。T 形脐仅见于成年人。在 18 岁以下的儿童中，圆形和突出的形状是成年人的两倍，水平椭圆形的形状是成年人的两倍。
腹部生长和随年龄变化的皮下脂肪分布的变化导致脐部垂直定向和加深，以及水平定向。为了促进最终的美容效果，二期脐成形术必须将脐部置于剑突-耻骨距离的一半到三分之二之间。
