Kokubu Masahiro, Ando Soichi, Oda Shingo
Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan.
Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan.
Neurosci Lett. 2018 Jan 18;664:15-19. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.11.006. Epub 2017 Nov 7.
The purpose of the present study was to examine whether the fixation distance in real three-dimensional space affects manual reaction time to peripheral visual stimuli. Light-emitting diodes were used for presenting a fixation point and four peripheral visual stimuli. The visual stimuli were located at a distance of 45cm and at 25° in the left, right, upper, and lower directions from the sagittal axis including the fixation point. Near (30cm), Middle (45cm), Far (90cm), and Very Far (300cm) fixation distance conditions were used. When one of the four visual stimuli was randomly illuminated, the participants released a button as quickly as possible. Results showed that overall peripheral reaction time decreased as the fixation distance increased. The significant interaction between fixation distance and stimulus location indicated that the effect of fixation distance on reaction time was observed at the left, right, and upper locations but not at the lower location. These results suggest that fixating at far distance would contribute to faster reaction and that the effect is specific to locations in the peripheral visual field. The present findings are discussed in terms of viewer-centered representation, the focus of attention in depth, and visual field asymmetry related to neurological and psychological aspects.
本研究的目的是检验在真实三维空间中的注视距离是否会影响对周边视觉刺激的手动反应时间。使用发光二极管来呈现一个注视点和四个周边视觉刺激。视觉刺激位于距矢状轴（包括注视点）45厘米处，且在左、右、上、下方向各25°的位置。采用了近（30厘米）、中（45厘米）、远（90厘米）和极远（300厘米）的注视距离条件。当四个视觉刺激之一被随机点亮时，参与者尽快松开按钮。结果表明，随着注视距离增加，整体周边反应时间缩短。注视距离与刺激位置之间的显著交互作用表明，在左、右和上方位置观察到了注视距离对反应时间的影响，但在下方位置未观察到。这些结果表明，远距离注视有助于更快的反应，且这种影响在周边视野的位置上具有特异性。从以观察者为中心的表征、深度注意焦点以及与神经和心理方面相关的视野不对称性等方面对本研究结果进行了讨论。
