Liu Ying, Yue Hui
College of Geomatics, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054, China.
Environ Monit Assess. 2017 Nov 11;189(12):630. doi: 10.1007/s10661-017-6346-z.
Lake level, area, and volume changes can describe the fluctuation of water bodies. In this study, ICESat/Hydroweb and Landsat data recorded with irregularly time intervals from 1975 to 2015 were used to examine changes in lake level and area which were combined to indirectly estimate water volume variations of Lake Hulun. The time series of lake level, area, and volume variations of Lake Hulun exhibited a fluctuating trend from 1975 to 1984 and the mean value were about 542.57 m, 2065.76 km, and - 0.045 km, respectively and an increasing trends showed during 1984-2000. Lake Hulun revealed the fastest decrease in lake level (- 0.42 m/a), volume (- 0.83 km/a) from 2000 to 2009, and the fastest shrinking in surface area (- 33.88 km/a) during 2000-2012. There was a seasonal variation of water level and lake volume variations during 2009-2012 and the mean value were 539.98 m and - 5.72 km, respectively. From 2012 to 2015, a faster increasing trends were shown in water level, area, and volume variations with a rate of 0.73 m/a (the amount of change was 2.92 m), 81.95 km/a (the amount of change was 327.8 km), and 0.42 km/a (the amount of change was1.67 km), respectively. The lake level and area showed strong correlations for Lake Hulun (R = 0.93). The water volume changes were in very good agreement for lake level changes (R > 0.99) and surface area variations (R = 0.92). Combining with lake level and area changes, the sum of lake volume variation of Lake Hulun was obtained and it showed a positive water budgets of 0.24 km during past 40 years. River and groundwater discharge, the pan evaporation, the net pan evaporation, and the water diversion project were reasons for the lake level, area, and volume variations in Lake Hulun. This study demonstrates that remote sensing data can be used as a source of information for monitoring comprehensively the fluctuation of large water bodies.
湖泊水位、面积和体积变化能够描述水体的波动情况。在本研究中，利用1975年至2015年以不规则时间间隔记录的ICESat/Hydroweb和Landsat数据，来研究呼伦湖的水位和面积变化，并将二者结合起来间接估算呼伦湖的水量变化。1975年至1984年，呼伦湖的水位、面积和体积变化的时间序列呈现波动趋势，其平均值分别约为542.57米、2065.76平方千米和 -0.045立方千米，1984年至2000年呈上升趋势。2000年至2009年，呼伦湖水位下降最快（-0.42米/年）、体积减少最快（-0.83立方千米/年），2000年至2012年湖面面积缩小最快（-33.88平方千米/年）。2009年至2012年期间，水位和湖泊体积变化存在季节性变化，其平均值分别为539.98米和 -5.72立方千米。2012年至2015年，水位、面积和体积变化呈现更快的上升趋势，速率分别为0.73米/年（变化量为2.92米）、81.95平方千米/年（变化量为327.8平方千米）和0.42立方千米/年（变化量为1.67立方千米）。呼伦湖的水位和面积显示出很强的相关性（R = 0.93）。水量变化与水位变化（R > 0.99）和表面积变化（R = 0.92）非常吻合。结合水位和面积变化，得出了呼伦湖的湖泊体积变化总和，在过去40年里其水量收支为正，达0.24立方千米。河流与地下水排放、蒸发皿蒸发量、净蒸发皿蒸发量以及引水工程是呼伦湖水位、面积和体积变化的原因。本研究表明，遥感数据可作为全面监测大型水体波动情况的信息来源。
