Four cone types characterized by anti-visual pigment antibodies in the pigeon retina.

Using three antibodies to visual pigments (monoclonal antibodies COS-1 and OS-2, and a polyclonal anti-opsin serum), four different types of cone cells could be distinguished in the red area (dorsoposterior part with the highest density of cones) of the pigeon retina. Both members of the double cone and the single cone with the red oil droplet were labelled with our monoclonal antibody COS-1 (type I cone). The single cone with the orange oil droplet was positive both with anti-opsin and monoclonal antibody OS-2 (type II cone). The single cone exhibiting a yellowish-green oil droplet, fluorescent in ultraviolet light, also reacted with anti-opsin but lacked the antigenic determinant recognized by OS-2 (type III cone). The thin cone with the small colorless oil droplet was negative with both COS-1 and anti-rhodopsin (type IV cone). We propose that the four immunologically distinguishable cone types correspond to cones expressing visual pigments with different (long-, middle-, short-wavelength and ultraviolet) color sensitivities.