Saudi Ministry of Health, Research Department, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
King Abdul-Aziz University, Biochemistry Department, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Nutrition. 2018 Jan;45:108-113. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2017.07.015. Epub 2017 Aug 4.
Prevention of osteoporosis begins in childhood and adolescence, as most bone mass is accumulated during the first 2 decades of life, with 90% to 95% of an adult's bone mineral content being achieved by the end of adolescence. Therefore, targeting modifiable behaviors among adolescents has an important effect on attaining adequate peak bone mass and minimizing risks for future fractures.
The aims of this study were to estimate the prevalence of behaviors affecting bone health and vitamin D status and to identify factors associated with vitamin D deficiency among female Saudi adolescents.
Several modifiable risk factors that influence bone health include low consumption of dairy products, physical inactivity, insufficient sun exposure, smoking, excessive consumption of soft drinks and caffeine, and vitamin D deficiency. A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in secondary schools in Jeddah City with 421 randomly selected female adolescents. A predesigned questionnaire was used for data collection, and blood samples were collected to measure levels of vitamin D. A χ test and correlation coefficient were used to identify the association between vitamin D and the independent variables. Mean (SD) age was 17.2 y (+1.2 y). Mean vitamin D level was 46 nmol/L (+24.6 nmol/L), ranging from 10.8 to 150.8 nmol/L.
The adolescents reported low consumption of dairy products, low prevalence of sun exposure, and low physical inactivity. Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 67.5%, and insufficiency was 21%. There were no significant associations between vitamin D status and sociodemographic characteristics; coffee and tea intake; anthropometric measurements; and calcium and/or vitamin D supplementation. Intake of dairy products was significantly positively correlated with vitamin D levels.
This study indicated that female Saudi adolescents are at significant risk for developing osteoporosis on the basis of the prevalence of risky behaviors, including low consumption of dairy products, high consumption of soft drinks, deficiency in physical exercise, low sun exposure, and high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency.
骨质疏松症的预防始于儿童和青少年时期，因为在此期间，大部分骨量在生命的头 20 年中积累，青少年末期，成年人的 90%至 95%的骨矿物质含量已经达到。因此，针对青少年的可改变行为对获得足够的峰值骨量和最大程度地减少未来骨折风险具有重要影响。
本研究旨在评估影响骨骼健康和维生素 D 状况的行为的流行率，并确定沙特少女维生素 D 缺乏的相关因素。
影响骨骼健康的一些可改变的危险因素包括低乳制品摄入量、缺乏体力活动、日晒不足、吸烟、过量饮用软饮料和咖啡因以及维生素 D 缺乏。本研究在吉达市的中学中进行了一项横断面分析研究，共随机选择了 421 名女性青少年。使用预先设计的问卷收集数据，并采集血样以测量维生素 D 水平。使用卡方检验和相关系数来确定维生素 D 与独立变量之间的关系。平均（SD）年龄为 17.2 岁（+1.2 岁）。平均维生素 D 水平为 46nmol/L（+24.6nmol/L），范围为 10.8 至 150.8nmol/L。
这些青少年报告了低乳制品摄入量、低日晒和低体力活动的情况。维生素 D 缺乏症的患病率为 67.5%，不足为 21%。维生素 D 状态与社会人口特征；咖啡和茶的摄入量；人体测量指标；以及钙和/或维生素 D 的补充剂之间没有显著关联。乳制品的摄入量与维生素 D 水平呈显著正相关。
本研究表明，由于存在低乳制品摄入量、高软饮料摄入、缺乏体育锻炼、低日晒和高维生素 D 缺乏和不足的流行等危险行为，沙特少女发生骨质疏松症的风险很高。
