Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, United States.
Department of Entomology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, United States.
Curr Opin Insect Sci. 2017 Oct;23:1-6. doi: 10.1016/j.cois.2017.06.005. Epub 2017 Jun 20.
Mean increases in temperatures associated with climate change are largely driven by increases in minimum (nighttime) temperatures; however, most climate change studies disproportionately increase maximum (daytime) temperatures. We review current literature to compare the potential effects of increasing daytime and nighttime temperatures on insects and their interactions within ecological communities. Although few studies have explicitly addressed the effects of nighttime warming, we draw from broader literature on how insects are affected by temperature to identify possible mechanisms that the timing (day or night) of warming may affect insects. Specifically, we discuss daily temperature variation, thermal performance curves, behaviour and activity patterns, nighttime recovery from hot days, and bottom-up effects mediated by plants. Although limited, the existing evidence suggests nighttime and daytime warming can have different effects, and thus we encourage scientists to use the most realistic warming treatments possible to truly understand how insects and their communities will be affected by climate change.
与气候变化相关的平均温度上升主要是由最低（夜间）温度的上升驱动的；然而，大多数气候变化研究不成比例地增加了最高（白天）温度。我们回顾了当前的文献，以比较白天和夜间温度升高对昆虫及其在生态群落中的相互作用的潜在影响。尽管很少有研究明确探讨夜间升温的影响，但我们借鉴了更广泛的关于昆虫受温度影响的文献，以确定升温时间（白天或夜间）可能影响昆虫的可能机制。具体来说，我们讨论了日温度变化、热性能曲线、行为和活动模式、热天夜间恢复以及由植物介导的底向上效应。尽管证据有限，但现有证据表明夜间和白天的升温可能会产生不同的影响，因此我们鼓励科学家使用最现实的升温处理方法，以真正了解气候变化将如何影响昆虫及其群落。
