UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, 11-43 Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, United Kingdom; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Ophthalmology, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom.
Monash School of Medicine, Monash University, Clayton Campus, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia.
Prog Retin Eye Res. 2018 Mar;63:1-19. doi: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2017.11.001. Epub 2017 Nov 10.
Development of the retinal vasculature is based on highly coordinated signalling between different cell types of the retina, integrating internal metabolic requirements with external influences such as the supply of oxygen and nutrients. The developing mouse retinal vasculature is a useful model system to study these interactions because it is experimentally accessible for intra ocular injections and genetic manipulations, can be easily imaged and develops in a similar fashion to that of humans. Research using this model has provided insights about general principles of angiogenesis as well as pathologies that affect the developing retinal vasculature. In this review, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms that govern the interactions between neurons, glial and vascular cells in the developing retina. This includes a review of mechanisms that shape the retinal vasculature, such as sprouting angiogenesis, vascular network remodelling and vessel maturation. We also explore how the disruption of these processes in mice can lead to pathology - such as oxygen induced retinopathy - and how this translates to human retinopathy of prematurity.
视网膜血管的发育是基于视网膜不同细胞类型之间高度协调的信号转导，将内部代谢需求与外部影响（如氧气和营养物质的供应）整合在一起。发育中的小鼠视网膜血管是研究这些相互作用的有用模型系统，因为它可以进行眼内注射和遗传操作，易于成像，并且以类似于人类的方式发育。使用这种模型的研究提供了关于血管生成的一般原则以及影响发育中的视网膜血管的病理学的见解。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了我们对分子和细胞机制的理解的最新进展，这些机制支配着发育中的视网膜中神经元、神经胶质和血管细胞之间的相互作用。这包括对塑造视网膜血管的机制的回顾，例如发芽血管生成、血管网络重塑和血管成熟。我们还探讨了这些过程在小鼠中的中断如何导致病理学，如氧诱导的视网膜病变，以及这如何转化为人类早产儿视网膜病变。
