Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany (CAS), Lanhei Road 132, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China.
World Agroforestry Centre, East and Central Asia Office, Lanhei Road 132, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China.
Int J Biometeorol. 2019 May;63(5):607-616. doi: 10.1007/s00484-017-1448-4. Epub 2017 Nov 13.
The phenology of rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis) could be influenced by meteorological factors and exhibits significant changes under different geoclimates. In the sub-optimal environment in Xishuangbanna, rubber trees undergo lengthy periods of defoliation and refoliation. The timing of refoliation from budburst to leaf aging could be affected by powdery mildew disease (Oidium heveae), which negatively impacts seed and latex production. Rubber trees are most susceptible to powdery mildew disease at the copper and leaf changing stages. Understanding and predicting leaf phenology of rubber trees are helpful to develop effective means of controlling the disease. This research investigated the effect of several meteorological factors on different leaf phenological stages in a sub-optimal environment for rubber cultivation in Jinghong, Yunnan in Southwest China. Partial least square regression was used to quantify the relationship between meteorological factors and recorded rubber phenologies from 2003 to 2011. Minimum temperature in December was found to be the critical factor for the leaf phenology development of rubber trees. Comparing the delayed effects of minimum temperature, the maximum temperature, diurnal temperature range, and sunshine hours were found to advancing leaf phenologies. A comparatively lower minimum temperature in December would facilitate the advancing of leaf phenologies of rubber trees. Higher levels of precipitation in February delayed the light green and the entire process of leaf aging. Delayed leaf phenology was found to be related to severe rubber powdery mildew disease. These results were used to build predictive models that could be applied to early warning systems of rubber powdery mildew disease.
橡胶树的物候期可能受到气象因素的影响，并在不同的地理气候下表现出显著变化。在西双版纳的次优环境下，橡胶树经历了长时间的落叶和重新生长。从萌芽到叶片衰老的重新生长时间可能会受到白粉病（Oidium heveae）的影响，这会对种子和乳胶产量产生负面影响。橡胶树在铜叶和叶片变化阶段最容易感染白粉病。了解和预测橡胶树的叶片物候期有助于开发有效的病害控制手段。本研究调查了气象因素对中国西南部云南景洪橡胶树次优种植环境中不同叶片物候期的影响。偏最小二乘回归用于量化气象因素与 2003 年至 2011 年记录的橡胶物候之间的关系。发现 12 月的最低温度是橡胶树叶片物候发育的关键因素。比较最低温度、最高温度、日温差和日照时间的延迟效应，发现它们会促进叶片物候的提前。12 月较低的最低温度会促进橡胶树叶片物候的提前。2 月较高的降水量会延迟叶片变绿和整个叶片衰老过程。延迟的叶片物候期与严重的橡胶白粉病有关。这些结果被用于建立预测模型，可应用于橡胶白粉病的预警系统。
