Engineering Research Center of Groundwater Pollution Control and Remediation, Ministry of Education, College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, No 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China.
Engineering Research Center of Groundwater Pollution Control and Remediation, Ministry of Education, College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, No 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2018 Mar 15;618:409-418. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.054. Epub 2017 Nov 11.
Antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes in the river system have received growing attention in recent years due to their potential threat to aquatic ecosystems and public health. Recognizing the occurrence and distribution of antibiotics in river environment and assessing their ecological risks are of important precondition for proposing effective strategies to protect basin safety. In this study, a comprehensive investigation was conducted to identify the contamination and risk characteristics of antibiotics in the aquatic environment of Hai River system (HRS) which is the largest water system in northern China. To attain this objective, several tools and methods were considered on the data set of water and sediment samples collected in the past ten years. The occurrence pattern, concentration levels and spatiotemporal distribution of antibiotics in the HRS were characterized utilizing statistical and comparative analysis. Risk quotients were employed to assess the adverse ecology effects caused by single antibiotic or their mixtures. Screening tool with priority factor and accumulation growth factor was used auxiliarily to prioritize antibiotics that should be of highly concern. Results indicated that the occurrence frequencies and concentration levels of 16 representative antibiotics in HRS were generally higher than those reported in global waters. Most antibiotics showed significant seasonal and spatial variations. Comparatively speaking, sulfamethoxazole, norfloxacin, erythromycin and roxithromycin posed higher risks to aquatic organisms in the HRS individually, and the combination of tetracycline and enrofloxacin indicated synergistical actions. Overall, due to their potential risks, considerable levels or quick increasing trends, 13 antibiotics were identified as priority contaminants in the HRS and should be paid special attention to be strictly regulated in the future.
近年来，由于河流系统中的抗生素和抗生素抗性基因对水生生态系统和公共卫生构成的潜在威胁，它们受到了越来越多的关注。认识到抗生素在河流环境中的发生和分布，并评估其生态风险，是提出保护流域安全的有效策略的重要前提。
本研究对中国北方最大的水系——海河流域（HRS）的水和沉积物样本进行了长达十年的收集，并利用多种工具和方法对该水系的抗生素污染特征和风险特性进行了全面调查。通过统计和对比分析，描述了抗生素在 HRS 中的出现模式、浓度水平和时空分布。利用风险商数评估了单一抗生素或其混合物对生态系统的不良影响。采用优先因子筛选工具和积累增长因子辅助筛选，确定了应高度关注的抗生素。
结果表明，HRS 中 16 种代表性抗生素的出现频率和浓度水平普遍高于全球水体中的报道值。大多数抗生素表现出明显的季节性和空间变化。相比之下，磺胺甲恶唑、诺氟沙星、红霉素和罗红霉素单独对 HRS 中的水生生物构成较高风险，而四环素和恩诺沙星的组合则表现出协同作用。
总体而言，由于其潜在风险、相当水平或快速增长趋势，13 种抗生素被确定为 HRS 中的优先污染物，在未来应特别关注并严格加以监管。
