Narciso Alessandra, Barra Caracciolo Anna, De Carolis Chiara
Water Research Institute, National Research Council (IRSA-CNR), SP 35d, km 0.7 Montelibretti, 00010 Rome, Italy.
Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, Tuscia University, Largo dell'Università s.n.c., 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
Antibiotics (Basel). 2023 Sep 21;12(9):1471. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics12091471.
Antibiotics (ABs) have made it possible to treat bacterial infections, which were in the past untreatable and consequently fatal. Regrettably, their use and abuse among humans and livestock led to antibiotic resistance, which has made them ineffective in many cases. The spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and bacteria is not limited to nosocomial environments, but also involves water and soil ecosystems. The environmental presence of ABs and ARGs is a hot topic, and their direct and indirect effects, are still not well known or clarified. A particular concern is the presence of antibiotics in agroecosystems due to the application of agro-zootechnical waste (e.g., manure and biosolids), which can introduce antibiotic residues and ARGs to soils. This review provides an insight of recent findings of AB direct and indirect effects on terrestrial organisms, focusing on plant and invertebrates. Possible changing in viability and organism growth, AB bioaccumulation, and shifts in associated microbiome composition are reported. Oxidative stress responses of plants (such as reactive oxygen species production) to antibiotics are also described.
抗生素使治疗细菌感染成为可能，而细菌感染在过去是无法治疗的，因而会致命。遗憾的是，抗生素在人类和牲畜中的使用与滥用导致了抗生素耐药性，这使得它们在许多情况下失效。抗生素耐药基因（ARGs）和细菌的传播不仅限于医院环境，还涉及水和土壤生态系统。抗生素和抗生素耐药基因在环境中的存在是一个热门话题，它们的直接和间接影响仍未得到充分了解或阐明。一个特别令人担忧的问题是，由于农业畜牧废弃物（如粪便和生物固体）的施用，农业生态系统中存在抗生素，这可能会将抗生素残留和抗生素耐药基因引入土壤。本综述深入探讨了抗生素对陆生生物直接和间接影响的最新研究结果，重点关注植物和无脊椎动物。报告了抗生素对生物活力和生长的可能影响、抗生素生物累积以及相关微生物群落组成的变化。还描述了植物对抗生素的氧化应激反应（如活性氧的产生）。
