Kuo Hsin-Wei, Cheng Winton
Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan.
Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan.
Dev Comp Immunol. 2018 Apr;81:19-32. doi: 10.1016/j.dci.2017.11.002. Epub 2017 Nov 10.
Octopamine (OA) is known to play an important role in regulating insect immune responses. In Macrobrachium rosenbergii (18.0 ± 1.7 g), OA at 25.0 and 250.0 pmol/prawn significantly increased THC, semigranular cells (SGCs) and PO activity in hemocytes per 50 μL hemolymph, hyaline cells, granular cells (GCs) and RBs in hemocytes per 10 μL hemolymph, and RBs per hemocyte, and however, significantly decreased PO activity per granulocyte (GC + SGC), which returned to control levels after 4 h of injection. The significantly increased phagocytic activity and clearance efficiency of prawn received OA for 8 h returned to control levels after 16 h of injection. In addition, the significantly increased glucose and decreased lactate were observed within 1 h of OA injection. In the susceptibility test, prawn received OA at 25.0 or 250.0 pmol/prawn for 2 h then challenged with Lactococcus garvieae at 10 colony-forming units/prawn significantly increased the resistance of prawns by 23.3% and 30.0%, respectively, compared to the saline-challenged control after 144 h of challenge. In addition, the changes on immunocompetence induced by OA were observed to be blocked by adrenoceptors antagonists. These results suggest that OA administration at 250.0 pmol/prawn or less causes the mediate a transient up-regulation in immune and physiologic responses to promote the resistance of M. rosenbergii to L. garvieae, which are thought to be mediated by α- and β-adrenergic-like octopamine receptors.
已知章鱼胺（OA）在调节昆虫免疫反应中发挥重要作用。在罗氏沼虾（体重18.0 ± 1.7克）中，每只虾注射25.0和250.0皮摩尔的OA显著增加了每50微升血淋巴中血细胞的吞噬百分率（THC）、半颗粒细胞（SGCs）和酚氧化酶（PO）活性，每10微升血淋巴中血细胞的透明细胞、颗粒细胞（GCs）和玫瑰红血细胞（RBs）数量，以及每个血细胞中的RBs数量，然而，显著降低了每个粒细胞（GC + SGC）的PO活性，注射后4小时恢复到对照水平。接受OA处理8小时的虾，其显著增加的吞噬活性和清除效率在注射后16小时恢复到对照水平。此外，在OA注射后1小时内观察到葡萄糖显著增加而乳酸显著减少。在药敏试验中，每只虾接受25.0或250.0皮摩尔的OA处理2小时，然后以每只虾10个菌落形成单位的加氏乳杆菌进行攻毒，与生理盐水攻毒对照相比，攻毒144小时后，虾的抵抗力分别显著提高了23.3%和30.0%。此外，观察到OA诱导的免疫能力变化被肾上腺素能受体拮抗剂阻断。这些结果表明，每只虾注射250.0皮摩尔或更低剂量的OA会介导免疫和生理反应的短暂上调，以提高罗氏沼虾对加氏乳杆菌的抵抗力，这被认为是由α - 和β - 肾上腺素能样章鱼胺受体介导的。
