Gallant François, O'Loughlin Jennifer L, Brunet Jennifer, Sabiston Catherine M, Bélanger Mathieu
Department of Family Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.
Centre de formation médicale du Nouveau-Brunswick, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada.
Pediatrics. 2017 Dec;140(6). doi: 10.1542/peds.2017-1449. Epub 2017 Nov 13.
We aimed to increase understanding of the link between sport specialization during childhood and adolescent physical activity (PA). The objectives were as follows: (1) describe the natural course of sport participation over 5 years among children who are early sport samplers or early sport specializers and (2) determine if a sport participation profile in childhood predicts the sport profile in adolescence.
Participants ( = 756, ages 10-11 years at study inception) reported their participation in organized and unorganized PA during in-class questionnaires administered every 4 months over 5 years. They were categorized as early sport samplers, early sport specializers, or nonparticipants in year 1 and as recreational sport participants, performance sport participants, or nonparticipants in years 2 to 5. The likelihood that a childhood sport profile would predict the adolescent profile was computed as relative risks. Polynomial logistic regression was used to identify predictors of an adolescent sport profile.
Compared with early sport specialization and nonparticipation, early sport sampling in childhood was associated with a higher likelihood of recreational participation (relative risk, 95% confidence interval: 1.55, 1.18-2.03) and a lower likelihood of nonparticipation (0.69, 0.51-0.93) in adolescence. Early sport specialization was associated with a higher likelihood of performance participation (1.65, 1.19-2.28) but not of nonparticipation (1.01, 0.70-1.47) in adolescence. Nonparticipation in childhood was associated with nearly doubling the likelihood of nonparticipation in adolescence (1.88, 1.36-2.62).
Sport sampling should be promoted in childhood because it may be linked to higher PA levels during adolescence.
我们旨在加深对儿童期运动专项化与青少年身体活动（PA）之间联系的理解。具体目标如下：（1）描述早期尝试多种运动的儿童和早期进行专项运动的儿童在5年期间运动参与的自然发展过程，以及（2）确定儿童期的运动参与模式是否能预测青少年期的运动模式。
参与者（n = 756，研究开始时年龄为10 - 11岁）在5年期间每4个月进行的课堂问卷调查中报告他们参与有组织和无组织PA的情况。在第1年，他们被分为早期尝试多种运动的儿童、早期进行专项运动的儿童或非参与者；在第2至5年，他们被分为休闲运动参与者、竞技运动参与者或非参与者。儿童期运动模式预测青少年期运动模式的可能性以相对风险计算。采用多项式逻辑回归来确定青少年运动模式的预测因素。
与早期运动专项化和不参与运动相比，儿童期早期尝试多种运动与青少年期休闲运动参与可能性较高（相对风险，95%置信区间：1.55，1.18 - 2.03）以及不参与运动可能性较低（0.69，0.51 - 0.93）相关。早期运动专项化与青少年期竞技运动参与可能性较高（1.65，1.19 - 2.28）相关，但与不参与运动可能性无关（1.01，0.70 - 1.47）。儿童期不参与运动与青少年期不参与运动可能性几乎翻倍（1.88，1.36 - 2.62）相关。
儿童期应提倡尝试多种运动，因为这可能与青少年期较高的身体活动水平相关。
